Зарубіжний досвід регулювання сфери природокористування

Abstract

У статті обґрунтовано актуальність та важливість дослідження проблем, пов'язаних із розробленням ці- лісного, ефективного механізму регулювання сфери природокористування та активізації природоохоронної діяльності. На основі аналізу зарубіжного досвіду регулювання сфери природокористування визначено етапи, проблеми, сучасні методи та інструменти регулювання природокористування та захисту довкілля. Сформовано систему економічних регу- ляторів стимулювання природоохоронної діяльності з урахуванням досвіду зарубіжних країн. Серед найбільш пошире- них визначено інструменти податкового та кредитного характеру. Зроблено висновок, що врахування світового досвіду регулювання сфери природокористування сприятиме формуванню збалансованого інституціонального простору між- народної взаємодії з метою вирішення глобальних та регіональних екологічних проблем.

The article substantiates the relevance and importance of studying the problems associated with the development of a holistic, effective mechanism for regulating the use of natural resources and enhancing nature conservation activities. The main problems and stages that were characteristic during the formation of the economic mechanism of regulation of the sphere of nature use in foreign countries were analyzed. The analysis of modern areas of regulation and management of natural resources shows that in the field of nature use of developed countries a peculiar, carefully balanced symbiosis of administrative and market regulators has been formed, the search of which continues in the future. The system of economic regulators that stimulates nature protection activity is determined, taking into account the experience of foreign countries. This system includes: a group of regulators, which are clearly defined in each country and mandatory for compliance; a group of regulators with stimulation nature, which are considered to be more effective. Such regulators allow the transition to a fundamentally new technological policy - from environmental pollution control to its prevention. It was established that among all foreign economic forms of regulation of natural resources, the instruments of tax and credit were the most widely used. Among them there is the provision of direct or indirect assistance to private capital by the state. Formation of the market for environmental services, the functioning of which is now associated with the sale and redistribution of rights to pollution was established as important. t is determined that the governments of the developed countries pay special attention to the formation of a favorable innovation and investment climate in the field of natural resource management. Conclusion for foreign countries is characterized by a combination of various methods of environmental regulation, which allows states to carry out a comprehensive ecological and economic policy that covers all levels and areas of nature management. The most effective instrument of environmental policy and guarantees of human life safety is the combination of market mechanisms with state regulation of the sphere of natural resources use. Foreign experience in regulating the use of natural resources is valuable for Ukraine. Given the very critical environmental situation and the lack of financial resources, the state is limited in time to its own search for effective environmental regulators. It is concluded that taking into account the world experience in regulating the sphere of natural resources will contribute to the formation of a balanced institutional space of international interaction with the aim of solving global and regional environmental problems.