Міграції українства до Казахстану (ХVІІІ – ХХ ст.)

Abstract

У статті розповідається про міграційні потоки українства до Казахстану з ХVІІІ ст., коли російське самодержавство висилало в Зауралля учасників національно-визвольної боротьби нашого народу для освоєння завойованих степових просторів. Згодом сюди переселятимуть українських селян для розвитку хліборобства, а з початком Першої світової депортуватимуть мешканців західноукраїнських земель і військовополонених австро-угорської армії з їх числа. Більшовицька влада продовжила освоєння казахських степів українством спочатку добровільним переселенням, а потім депортуючи так званих куркулів і ворогів народу з їхніми родинами. Останнє масове переселення українства до Казахстану відбулося в другій половині 1950-х років з метою освоєння цілинних земель.

Migration flows of Ukrainians to Kazakhstan began in the eighteenth century, when the Russian autocracy sent to the Trans-Urals participants of the national liberation struggle of our people for the development of the conquered steppe areas. Subsequently, Ukrainian peasants were resettled here for the development of agriculture, and with the beginning of World War I deported the inhabitants of the Western Ukrainian lands and prisoners of war of the Austro-Hungarian army from among them. The Bolshevik authorities continued the development of Kazakh steppes by Ukrainian voluntary resettlement, and then deported so-called kulaks and enemies of the people with their families from all settlements, including from Sloboda Ukraine, Volga region and North Caucasus. In particular, for failure to fulfill the impossible grain plans in 1932 - 1933, the Ukrainian stanitsas Poltavska, Umanska, Popovychska and Medvedivska were deported from Kuban to Kazakhstan. In 1936, Germans and Poles were evicted from Ukraine, with the beginning of World War II, members of families of repressed members of insurgent organizations, officers of the former Polish Army, police officers, jailers, gendarmes, landlords, manufacturers and government officials of the interwar Poland were deported from Western Ukraine. Among the 200,000 deported there were many Ukrainians, including foresters. There were also Ukrainians among the exported from the Brest region, which Stalin transferred to the Byelorussian SSR. In the postwar period, family members of Ukrainian nationalists were sent to Kazakhstan in large numbers. The last mass relocation of Ukrainian to Kazakhstan took place in the second half of the 1950s in order to develop virgin lands. In particular, between 1954 and 1973, 65,468 families were sent from the USSR to Kazakhstan, in which there were 229138 persons.