Дипломатические институты ЕС и их активность в контексте трансформации мирового порядка

Abstract

Стаття присвячена аналізу стану дипломатичних інститутів ЄС, їх політики в умовах радикальних змін в міжнародному середовищі. Трансформація світового порядку в сторону багатополярності ускладнила міжнародну обстановку, зробивши її менш сприятливою для Європейського Союзу. Автор констатує, що в умовах появи нових потенційних центрів, які змінюють координати світової економіки і політики, ЄС змушений переглянути основи своєї міжнародної поведінки. Поки відповіддю ЄС є тверда прихильність мультилатералізму, тобто багатосторонності. Автор обґрунтовує думку, що Євросоюз, долаючи застій,безладдя на шляху свого розвитку, залишиться наріжним каменем формування поліцентричного порядку, оплотом демократії і миру.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of diplomatic institutions of the EU, their policies in the face of radical changes in the international environment. The transformation of the world order towards multipolarity has complicated the international environment, making it less favorable for the European Union. With the emergence of new potential centers that change the coordinates of the global economy and politics, the EU is forced to revise the foundations of its international behavior. So far, the EU's response to the upcoming, but so far vague configuration of the polycentric world is a firm commitment to multilateralism. But it was precisely the crisis of multilateralism at the global level that affected the EU itself, limiting its ability to deepen and expand integration. The events of the second decade of the 21st century posed the most complex tasks for the EU: the migration crisis, which has fallen as a result of tectonic events in the Middle East, fell on Europe, which did not recover from a systemic crisis. Disappointed in the traditional systemic parties, voters turned their attention to the Eurosceptics and populists of the right and left flanks. The impact of new trends and regional and world politics on the European Union is reflected in the 2016 “Global EU Strategy on Foreign and Security Policy”. First of all, the changes touched upon such a burning issue for the EU as enlargement. In October 2019, France, the Netherlands and Denmark blocked the start of EU accession negotiations for Albania and Northern Macedonia. On February 2, 2020, the European Commission approved a new “methodology” for negotiating EU accession. It can be assumed that the issue of considering the adoption of new member states into the EU ranks far away. Also, revision of the entry criteria with a shift in emphasis on the state of democratic institutions and the rule of law will close the EU's doors for new candidates for a long time. The emerging multipolarity poses the EU, its institutions and foreign policy, the difficult task of building an adequate policy in relation, primarily, to China. The EU's complex interaction with China is developing against the backdrop of unstable relations between Brussels and Washington. Misunderstandings and dissonance, friction between the EU and the United States are pouring into concrete actions on the part of the European Union aimed at limiting the destructive influence of its transatlantic ally on the world economy. The author draws attention to the fact that the analysis of the speech of the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, suggests thoughts of impending changes in the EU.