Роль етнічності у формуванні якості життя населення

Abstract

Дослідження присвячено теоретичному узагальненню впливу етнічних характеристик населення на якість його життя. У статті обґрунтовано необхідність вивчення якості життя в етнічному вимірі. Наведені наукові результати свідчать про статистично значимий вплив певних світоглядних каналів на якість життя. Дослідження поведінкових каналів, що формують соціально-економічний статус етнічної групи, дають неоднозначні результати. Обґрунтовано, що соціально-економічна поведінка окремих етнічних груп обу мовлена специфічною комбінацією складових етнічної ідентичності

The study is devoted to the theoretical generalization of ethnic characteristics of the population influence of on the quality of life. Quality of life is a complex, multidi mensional phenomenon that combines objective living conditions with the subjective perception of living standards. The dynamism and complexity of the “quality of life “phenomenon requires ad herence to the principles of multilateralism and taking into account the specificity of the object of study in assessing. Therefore, the article proves the need of researching the quality of life in the ethnic dimension. The article examines scientific studies that confirms the dependence of quality of life on ethnicity-related characteristics of the population. The phenomenon that regulates the set of characteristics of an ethnos is ethnic identity. Ethnic identity components (beha vior, ideal, ethnic self-identification, sense of belonging, pride and affirmation, knowl edge of history and traditions, value orientations such as individualism or collectivism, etc.) are considered in the article as possible channels of influence on quality of life. Thus, the components of ethnic identity can influence both the level of importance of certain spheres of life and the desire to increase that level. At the same time, there is a perception of an ethnic group in another part of society that is often associated with biased attitudes and ethnic stereotypes. They are threatening phenomena and can serve as a basis for justifying discrimination on ethnic (racial, cultural) grounds. These scientific findings indicate a statistically significant impact of certain vision channels on quality of life. Studies of behavioral channels that shape the socio-economic status of an ethnic group gave mixed results. Accordingly, it is argued that the socio-economic behavior of particular ethnic groups is conditioned by a specific com bination of ethnic identity components. This specificity is often associated with ethnic minorities, high levels of isolation of ethnic groups, discrimination (racial, ethnic) and other conditions under which the values of the group can have a significant impact on the life of its members. Keywords: well-being, ethnicity, ethnic identity, minority, quality of life