Вплив наслідків «очищення» банківської системи України на її діяльність

Abstract

У статті розглянуто сучасні проблемні питання стану банківської системи України, що виникають у процесі реформування банківської системи. Досліджено вплив наслідків ліквідації неплатоспроможних банків на загальний стан системи. Визначено причини, що викликають недовіру громадян до банків та підвищення рівня проблемної кредитної заборгованості. Обґрунтовано необхідність вирішення питань на рівні держави та менеджменту банків стосовно відновлення стабільної роботи банків. Ключові слова: банківська система України, Фонд гарантування вкладів фізичних осіб, процес «очистки», депозитні вклади, проблемні кредити, неплатоспроможність, банкрутство, кредитні бюро.

Economic instability, devaluation of national money and system banking crisis in Ukraine is a source of slowing down economic development, unemployment increase, deepening of poverty and sharpening of social and political risks. Nowadays, the banking system has problems with financial stability and solvency. Every year, more banks feel the negative influence of different reasons causing waves of liquidation and bankruptcy. That is why, today, trust to the banking system is extremely decreases. The main problem is the outflow of deposits from bank establishments, which will be until new banks appear on the market. During the last years, quantity coefficient of banks in the banking system of Ukraine decreased (dates from 1/12/2016 there are 98 banks in Ukraine) and the part of non-performing loans increased. Such dependence causes trouble both at the level of separate bank and at the level of the banking system. Thus, the volume of non-performing loans is 24.2% from common volume dates from 1/12/2016 what three times larger than during 2013. The process of bankruptcy and banks liquidation essentially influences the level of debtor’s fulfillment before creditors. The information of mass media increases this process. In particular, mass media often spreads not checked and false information about the rate of banks, it causes the clients not to fulfill credit agreement conditions. Taking into account these conditions and common financial and economic situation in the country there is a need to protect actively the creditor’s rights as a business entity. Stable increase of national banking system should be owing to ways to improve common macroeconomic reasons, namely: increase of common trust to banking system; costs repaying into banking system from shadow economic sector; increase of guarantee size of repaying deposits of physical persons; increase of stability and trust to national money; decrease of taxation pressure. It is clear that, nowadays, under such conditions, the banking system as the whole can not play its key macroeconomic role – transform savings of the population into investments what is one of the factors of slowing down the economic development of the country. Keywords: banking system of Ukraine, the Deposit Guarantee Fund of individuals, a process of "purification" deposits, bad loans, insolvency, bankruptcy, credit bureaus.