Етнопсихологічна специфіка образів деміургів у космогонічних колядках українців.

Abstract

Tykhovska O. M. ETHNOPSYCHOLOGICAL SPECIFICS OF DEMIURGES' IMAGES IN COSMOGONIC CAROLS OF UKRAINIANS Cosmogonic myths have partially been preserved in Ukrainian folklore, some of them included in the carols about world development as a result of the actions of demiurge birds. In the carol "When there was no descendant of the world", demiurge pigeons, sitting on a world tree among the primordial waters, verbally simulate the situation of the future act of creating the world. In the carol "There is a big world, there is also a blue sea" two of the three pigeons dive under the water, one of them gets sand from under the water, and the third scatters this sand, symbolically forming four elements of the universe: the movement of time ("dawn"), sun, moon, rain. Thus, the frst pigeon merges with the element of water (only dives into the water, but gets nothing out of it), the second carries the "material" from which the third pigeon creates the world. Two demiurge birds are active, and the role of the frst pigeon in the process of creating the world is not defned, it is passive. In this carol, the basis of the world is the sun, the moon, rain and dawn which symbolizes the principle of motion in the universe. The creation of heaven and earth is not mentioned here, the sky is represented by the images of astral lights and rain (perceived as a part of it), and the beginning of life is associated with dawn. In the second part of the carol, the spiritualized sun, moon, rain and dawn (which take the place of the demiurge pigeons) outline their signifcance for the life of the world and a man. In the carol "Hey as it has been since the beginning of the world" demiurge birds are called prosphoronki, they sit on a sycamore tree in the middle of the sea, but do not confer about the creation of the world. In the carol "There is a big world, there is also a blue sea", the role of the world tree, on which three demiurge birds sit, is projected on the "chemerushka" ("female" tree) and this is contrasted with sycamore and oak from previous texts. A later version of the cosmogonic plot is in the carol "What happened to us from the beginning? - Our God!", because here the three "doves" have already been called "angels", and they do not confer how to create the world, but act - get rye, wheat and grass from the bottom of the sea. The carol emphasizes the importance of cereals and vegetation, which symbolizes the basis of the three spheres of human life. This carol artistically models the creation of a world comfortable for a man, projects his living space, which is perceived as a micro-model of the universe. There is a similar motif in the carol "The dove sat in the quiet Danube", but here instead of three doves there is only one dove which dives underwater (into the Danube, not into the sea) for three years. Therefore, the relics of cosmogonic myths preserved in Ukrainian carols differently reflect the metaphorical idea of our ancestors about the world tree, primordial waters and the bird-god who can create the world.