Особливості просторової структури міських орнітокомплексів як відображення специфіки урболандшафтів

Abstract

The investigations had been carrying out from November 1995 till August 1998 in Uzhgorod round year in Transcarpathian villages of high and low regions (breeding period of 1997) and also in towns in Central and West Europe (Prague, Warsaw аnd small towns in North Germany) during summer months of 1995 and 1997; Birds communities in urban according to breeding are dividcd into 2 groups: those who places on houses and those who breeds оn trees and bushеs. Vertical structure of the first group in shown on fig. lа. According to the place of vertical gradation the species. of this group car bе divided into 4 commhnities. The third community is mostly spread vertically and horizontally including Columba livia, Passer domesticus, Delichon urbica. Vertical area structure of the second group is shown on fig. 2а. It is faund out that the birds which live іn green parts of urbans, breeds more higher than in nature. The number of species in horizontal .gradation increases towards . biothop: newbuildings ---), old buildings ---), individual sector. Phenomenon overlapping · the niches (fig. · 1b, 2b) does · not cause competition exception among the species for nеt areas more than enough. The result of specific urban · environment is interference of quality and superdomination of separate species.