Аналіз функціонування фінансово-бюджетної системи Німеччини

Abstract

У статті здійснено дослідження проєкту федерального бюджету Німеччини на 2022 рік та фіскального плану уряду до 2025 року. Проаналізовано основні бюджетні показники, офіційні статистичні дані стосовно витрат та доходів бюджету, бюджетного балансу, відношення національного боргу до валового внутрішнього продукту і темпів зростання ВВП країни у 2021 році та прогнозу на 2022–2025 роки. Крім того, розглянуто реалізацію бюджету у 2021 року, заходи стабілізації економічної та фінансової ситуації, запровадженні урядом Німеччини у зв’язку з пандемією COVID-19. Також зроблено аналіз соціальної складової частини бюджету, ролі фінансового контролю у стабілізації ситуації в умовах пандемії та участь Німеччини у вирішенні такого глобального виклику, як безпрецедентно швидка зміна клімату.

This paper examines the draft federal budget of Germany for 2022 and the government's fiscal plan until 2025. The main budget indicators, official statistics on budget expenditures and revenues, budget balance, the ratio of national debt to gross domestic product and the growth rate of GDP in 2021 and the forecast for 2022–2025 are analyzed. In addition, the implementation of the budget in 2021, measures to stabilize the economic and financial situation implemented by the German government in connection with the pandemic COVID-19 were considered. An analysis of the social component of the budget, the role of financial control in stabilizing the situation causrd by a pandemic and Germany's participation in finding solutionto such global challenge as unprecedentedly rapid climate change was also made. The next few years are crucial for strengthening Germany and Europe – for the major challenges posed by climate change, the need for digitization, securing our prosperity, social cohesion and demographic change. Germany needs a stable and reliable government that addresses the challenges facing the country. Following the elections in Germany in September 2021, a series of talks were held between the elected parties, during which they reached agreements on the main areas of their cooperation. SPD, BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN and Free Democrats recognize that Germany needs a new beginning. Even more than 30 years after the peaceful revolution, Germany remain committed to the task of completing internal unity – socially and economically. Meeting climate protection targets will also require an accelerated phase-out of coal-fired power generation. In order to respond to changes in the world of work and to address the wishes of employees and companies for more flexible working time arrangements, parties want to support trade unions and employers to enable flexible working time models. Germany's economy is leading not only in Europe but also in the world, so all the processes taking place in its financial system of Germany have a direct impact on the state and trends of further development of economic processes in the European Union. Analysis of the formation of the draft German budget, its main indicators and the government's fiscal plan until 2025, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, is important for understanding the general state of the German economy.