Концептуальні основи гнучкого управління проєктами розроблення та впровадження інформаційних систем

Abstract

У статті пропонується науковий підхід до аналізу питання гнучкого управління ІТ-проєктами розроблення та впровадження інформаційних систем. Наведено основні моделі життєвого циклу інформаційних систем, які визначають послідовність виконання та спосіб взаємодії таких етапів, як аналіз вимог, проєктування та дизайн, написання програмного коду, тестування, уведення в експлуатацію, супровід та підтримка. Здійснено аналіз переваг застосування гнучкого управління ІТ-проєктами. Досліджено фундаментальні принципи Agile, які визначають гнучку методологію розроблення. Зроблено висновок, що ключовими чинниками результативності Agile проєктів є застосування спіральних моделей життєвого циклу систем, самоорганізовані та високомотивовані команди розробників, постійна взаємодія із замовниками та готовність до змін.

The article offers a scientific approach to the analysis of flexible management of IT projects in the development and implementation of information systems. The main models of the life cycle of information systems are given, which determine the sequence of implementation and the way of interaction of such stages as requirements analysis, design and engineering, program code writing, testing, commissioning, maintenance and support. The analysis of advantages of application of flexible management of IT projects is carried out. The fundamental principles of Agile, which determine a flexible development methodology, have been studied. It is substantiated that the highest priority of developers is to meet the needs of the customer through a fast and regular supply of software. The working product should be released as often as possible, with a frequency of a couple of weeks to a couple of months. Throughout the project, developers and business representatives must work together every day. Motivated professionals should work on the project. For the work to be done, the team must be provided with conditions and support. It is shown that personal communication is the most effective and practical method of both conveying information to the team and disseminating it. Constant attention to technical excellence and design quality increases the flexibility of the project. Simplicity is the art of minimizing unnecessary work. This principle is best implemented by Lean-philosophy, which is the basis of Agile methodology tools. Lean philosophy cultivates the following values: eliminating losses by identifying work that is performed but has no value; strengthening learning through the use of constant feedback; making decisions as late as possible, when the most complete information about the project is collected; creating and delivering value as early as possible; creating an effective environment with the involvement of energetic proactive performers; achieving integrity by creating software that is intuitive to users; project control through a system of metrics that measure even the smallest details. It is important that the team regularly tries to find ways to improve efficiency and adjust their work accordingly. It is concluded that the key factors in the effectiveness of Agile projects are the use of spiral models of the life cycle of systems, self-organized and highly motivated development teams, constant interaction with customers and willingness to change.