Глобальні тенденції та новітні схеми злиттів і поглинань

Abstract

У статті досліджено та проаналізовано причини злиття та поглинання підприємств. Показано роль та значення конкуренції в даному процесі, а також її вплив на прискорення і розширення злиття та поглинання. Охарактеризовано різні теоретичні підходи у дослідженнях світових та вітчизняних вчених причин та наслідків для світової економіки злиттів і поглинань провідних компаній. Проведено аналіз наслідків на світові процеси злиттів і поглинань в період COVID-19. Продемонстровано пріоритети галузей світових злиттів та поглинань в період розпалу пандемії. Проаналізовано найбільш привабливі, з точки зору здійснення операцій злиттів і поглинань, в економіці України для іноземних інвесторів. Показано перешкоди щодо формування привабливості українського інвестиційної ринку. Досліджено ряд переваг у питанні фінансування сучасної української економіки незважаючи на реально складну політичну та економічну ситуацію в державі.

The article examines and analyzes the concepts of “merger” and “acquisition”, which are often used as synonyms, but even more often they are used in the phrase “mergers and acquisitions” to denote one phenomenon characteristic of the corporate control market. Mergers and acquisitions are a multiplicity of agreements between economic entities, in which there is a change of owner, the unification of enterprises of further operation under the auspices of the enterprise-initiator of the agreement, or the transfer of a controlling stake of one of the parties to the agreement to another. The reasons for mergers and acquisitions of enterprises are highlighted. The emergence of mergers and acquisitions, which has its roots in the history of the development of US industrial production in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, is explained. The role and importance of competition in this process, as well as its influence on the acceleration and expansion of mergers and acquisitions, are shown. Various theoretical approaches in research by world and domestic scientists on the causes and consequences of mergers and acquisitions of leading companies for the world economy are characterized. However, it should be noted that today there is no consensus in scientific circles regarding the interpretation of this concept. An analysis of the consequences on global processes of mergers and acquisitions during the period of COVID-19 was carried out. These developments have been found to lead to both strategic acquisitions and divestitures, as companies redirect management resources and funds to those parts of the business with the highest growth potential and where they enjoy a distinct competitive advantage. Companies are shown to use mergers and acquisitions to acquire capabilities they do not have (often in technology) to expand existing capabilities and strengthen that advantage. The priorities of the global mergers and acquisitions industries in the post-war period are demonstrated. The most attractive, from the point of view of the implementation of mergers and acquisitions, in the economy of Ukraine for foreign investors have been analyzed. Obstacles to the formation of the attractiveness of the Ukrainian investment market are shown. A number of advantages in financing the modern Ukrainian economy have been studied, despite the really difficult political and economic situation in the country. A number of advantages of financing for modern Ukrainian realities have been studied despite the difficult political and economic situation in the country.