Особливості функціонування малих форм господарювання у аграрному секторі економіки Закарпатської області

Abstract

У статті проведено економічний аналіз діяльності малих форм господарювання у аграрному секторі економіки Закарпатської області. Відображено специфіку функціонування господарств населення у розрізі природно-економічних зон регіону. Здійснено оцінку діяльності особистих селянських господарств Закарпатської області на основі результатів соціологічного моніторингу. Ключові слова: малі форми господарювання, сільське господарство, господарства населення, особисті селянські господарства (ОСГ).

Most scientists associate the modern development of agricultural economy with small forms of economic management, which in conditions of transitional crisis were the least sensitive to economic shocks and managed not only to mobilize their potential but also to form an efficient owner, waking up private initiative and entrepreneurial talent of village citizens. In agricultural sector of Ukraine and its regions small forms of management (households) are mostly represented by population households, which are the main forms of realization of the economic interests of rural population and provide more than 55% of gross agricultural production of the state, while in some regions, including Transcarpathia, this figure is around 95%, which leads to an increased interest to the specifics and peculiarities of functioning of small forms of management in the current economic conditions. Analysis of the households functioning in Transcarpathian region in 2000-2014 had shown that during this period there were positive dynamics on increasing agricultural production by analyzed entities, which was primarily due to increased production of grain – by 133.74%, sunflower – by 166.67% and vegetables – by 143.36%. During the analyzed period, the share of households of livestock production was risen to 95%, and only for the production of wool the value of this indicator varied from 79.36% to 94.74%. Overall, the analysis has shown the positive trends in functioning of small forms of management of agrarian sphere in Transcarpathian region and in certain way proves the necessity of their functioning in transitional conditions of economy development. However, despite the rapid increase of agricultural production, the operation of agricultural households is characterized by the predominant use of manual labor and by low level of innovational production, which requires the development and implementation of strategic measures to reform the agricultural sector and the transformation of agricultural households into more efficient business structures, including farms, cooperative enterprises, clusters etc. Keywords: small forms of economic management, agriculture, population households, individual peasant households.