Сучасний стан виробництва продукції птахівництва в Україні

Abstract

У статті досліджено сучасні тенденції розвитку галузі птахівництва в Україні в контексті статистичного аналізу динаміки поголів'я, виробництва основних продуктів — м'яса птиці та яєць, економічної ефективності реалізації. Відмічено головні пріоритети для подальшого розвиту птахівничої галузі, що полягають у впровадженні технологічних інновацій з селекції та племінної роботи, підвищенні генетичного потенціалу, оптимізації кормової бази та поліпшенню умов утримання відповідно до ветеринарно-санітарних норм з метою прискореного розвитку і насичення внутрішнього ринку високоякісною вітчизняною продукцією галузі, що в свою чергу гарантуватиме продовольчу безпеку держави, забезпечення переробної промисловості сировиною, населення — м'ясом та яйцями відповідно до норм споживання. Ключові слова: продовольча безпека, виробництво, продукція птахівництва, м’ясо птиці, ринок яєць.

Poultry is one of those sectors of agriculture the development of which enables improved and rapidly met growing demand with a high quality of food products of animal origin, which directly affects food security. The article deals with the modern trends in the field of poultry in Ukraine in the context of the statistical analysis of the dynamics of livestock, production of basic products - poultry and eggs, economic efficiency implementation. It has been established that meat production in Ukraine is gradually increasing. By 2007 the rate of growth of meat production has occurred in all types of products, starting from 2008 until 2011. There has been an increase in production volumes of poultry only while there has been reduction of production of beef and pork. The indicators of production of beef in 2014 declined by an average of 12.9% compared to 2013 but meat production increased by 11%. In 2014 the situation in meat production in Ukraine was negatively affected by the following main factors: the downturn in some sectors of Ukraine; reduction in purchasing power during the years 2013-2014. It was determined that the increase of egg production in recent years at the expense of a sharp rise in the productivity of chickens, especially in large agricultural enterprises through an improved breeding base and the balanced feeding quality. The main priorities for further development of the poultry industry have been identified, which is to introduce technological innovations of selection and breeding work, improving the genetic potential, optimization of fodder and improvement of conditions of detention in accordance with veterinary and sanitary norms to accelerate the development and saturation of the domestic market with a high-quality domestic products sector which in turn will guarantee food security, provision of raw material processing industry, population with meat and eggs in accordance with consumption. The carried out research gives grounds to speak about positive trends with increased production of poultry industry. Among the most significant problems hindering the further evolution of the industry we can define: high energy intensity of production, insufficient competitiveness of domestic production of poultry, unstable work, the presence of outdated technology and equipment, lack of own funds for expanded reproduction. However, the poultry industry in Ukraine, despite numerous problems is developing gradually and progressively. In terms of a significant limitation of energy resources and the need to improve the competitiveness of poultry products, the further research will be aimed at finding new approaches to the development of a competitive poultry industry to meet consumer demand in the domestic market and considering the possibility of entering of Ukraine into the world market. Keywords: food security, production of poultry products, poultry meat, eggs market