Синергетичний підхід у сучасній економічній науці

Abstract

Стаття присвячена основним синергетичним підходам у сучасній економічній науці. Розкрито поняття «синергетика» та «фізична економіка», їх подібності та розбіжності. Представлено умови застосування си-нергетичного підходу в економіці. Розглянуто основні методи синергетичного дослідження систем та проана-лізовано вигоди від їх застосування. Проаналізовано перспективи та ефективність застосування методів си-нергетики дослідження систем. Подано основні зміни в управлінні соціально-економічними системами згідноз синергетичним підходом. Розглянуто основні методологічні принципи, які економічна синергетика привнесла в економічну теорію дослідження. Ключові слова: синергетика, система, самоорганізація, атрактор, глобалізація.

The development of economics is currently charac-terized by a rather difficult situation, particularly when addressing short-term issues. The evidence of this are the global and local economic, financial crises in indi-vidual national economies as well as on the global, world level. This gives a significant boost to economic scientists when it comes to searching new ways to study philosophy of economics, economics research methodology, and justification of fundamental hypoth-eses. The usage of analytical and numerical methods of analysis is considered to be the best way of researching economic problems, according to today's academic economists like, for example, I. Zabudskyi who dealt with non-linear mathematical and physical problems. Synergetic approach to system research is based on the assertion that it is impossible to predict uniquely when and what condition will the system reach while evolving. After all, in the process of transition the sys-tem can be divided, merged, and suchlike, because of the instability. The points where the separation occurs, the docking of two evolving systems is called bifurca-tion points. The system status, determining the proce-dure of organization and functioning of the system is called an attractor. The system development takes place and, generally, is only possible in an area which is re-mote from the equilibrium. System development can be both adaptive and evolutionary (the change of quality settings). Synergetic approach is mainly used in the evolving systems, the transition of which from one equilibrium state to non-equilibrium is carried out due to self-organization, that is when in the system in a nonequi-librium state happens the process of "self-improvement" (self-construction) of the system, ac-cording to the pattern that was set by the attractor, un-der the influence of the environment. Some more time is needed to realize that at the pre-sent stage of development of science a synergistic ap-proach is the most promising in terms of management of development of socio-economic systems. Synergetic approach should occupy a certain place in the method-ology of economics science, especially in the part that deals with the issues of the dynamics of processes and socio-economic systems. This is due to the fact that the majority of socio-economic systems are open, rather complex and have both positive and negative feedback mechanisms and they are non-linear. Therefore, they meet all the criteria of evolving systems, for the re-search of which synergetic approach is the most correct of all known to modern science. Keywords: synergetic, system, self-organization, attractor, globalization.