Проблема відтоку депозитів в умовах кризових явищ

Abstract

У статті досліджено динаміку депозитного ринку в умовах суспільно-політичного напруження. Пока-зана роль депозитної політики в забезпеченні ефективності банківської діяльності. Проаналізовано динаміку відтоку валютних і гривневих депозитів. Досліджено проблеми відтоку депозитів та визначено основні шляхи удосконалення депозитної політики та підвищення довіри до банківської системи. Ключові слова: депозити, депозитний ринок, банківська криза, комерційний банк, банківська система, відтік депозитів.

On the background of a sharp and prolonged de-valuation of national currency, which triggered an explosive growth of balance sheets disparities among commercial banks, their decapitalization, and foreign exchange and credit risks reaching critical limits, the outflow of deposits from the banking sys-tem has accelerated and many banks were faced with a liquidity crisis. The article researches the dynamics of the deposit market under the conditions of social and political tension. The role of deposit policy in ensuring the efficiency of banking is shown. The study detected that under the conditions of critical aggravation of systemic risks, which, unprecedent-edly, has combined political, financial, economic and banking crises, over 50 banks were declared bankrupt, many of which are in the process of liqui-dation. The dynamics of the outflow of currency and hryvnia deposits has been analyzed. The problems of the influence of the outflow of deposits of individu-als on the activity of commercial banks, government finances and real economy have been investigated. It was researched that 2014 is characterized by the largest deposit outflow in the history of the banking system of Ukraine. The rating of banks for the out-flow of hryvnya and currency deposits of individuals according to the first group in 2014 has been made. The dynamics of deposits in national and foreign currency for 2009 – 2014 have been analyzed. As a result of comparison of crisis processes in Ukraine in 2008-2009 and 2013-2014 the author found that the results and impact of the two crisis processes probably can, probably, be similar. The study has shown that the decrease in confidence in the national currency and banking system sparked an outflow of deposits following the results of 2014, which is ten times higher than the figure of 2009 crisis. The prob-lems of deposit outflow have been studied in order to improve deposit policy and increase confidence in the banking system, the main ways of improving deposit policy and increasing confidence in the banking system have been determined. The author concludes that today in order for Ukraine to prevent another crisis shock, it could probably use anti-crisis measures and measures for economic recovery which were not properly taken into account and in-volved in the post-crisis period in 2010-2012. The prospects for further research in this area should be questions of developing models of deposit market, warning indicators of crisis liquidity of banks. Keywords: deposits, deposit market, banking cri-sis, commercial bank, banking system, deposit outflow.