Загальні тенденції інноваційної діяльності підприємств

Abstract

У даній статті визначено основні проблеми фінансування інноваційної діяльності підприємств, розкрито теоретичні засади інноваційної діяльності, здійснено аналіз джерел фінансування інноваційної діяльності підприємств в Україні, наведено основні напрями інноваційної активності та запропоновано деякі шляхи стимулювання інноваційної діяльності. Ключові слова: інновації, інноваційна діяльність підприємств, джерела фінансування інноваційної діяльності.

A successful development of science and technology and an effective usage of their achievements in practice is the main factor of sustainable economic growth, enterprise and product competitiveness in the current context of economic processes of globalization. Therefore, the special attention is given to the problem of providing a comprehensive and objective assessment of scientific and technical activity and its results. The aim of this article is to identify general trends of enterprise innovation activity in Ukraine and Transcarpathian region and to search opportunities for innovation potential development in the region. Despite the decent level of higher education and vocational training, Ukraine has insignificant innovative capacity because of low government interest in developing and implementing innovations in different sectors of the economy. The Global Competitiveness Index and the Global Innovation Index confirm this. This study shows that over the years the enterprise innovative activity in Ukraine decreases, in Ukraine and in Transcarpathian region the spendings on innovation reduce, the share of active innovation of enterprises is also reducing. The enterprises’ own funds are the main source of innovation financing and the extremely important task is its diversification and investment attraction. Ukraine still has significant scientific and technical potential but it doesn’t have a clear strategy for its use and development, which leads to the increase of the gap between science and industry, unsystematic and inefficient use of funds for scientific and technical activities financing, low commercialization of innovations. One of the mechanisms to creating a competitive scientific and technical environment in the situation of economic crisis and the limited state financial resources is reducing of research institutions funding and increasing the funding of research on a competitive basis depending on priority. This allows to concentrate material and intellectual resources to solve scientific and technological problems. Ukraine should use more actively the European experience in building one’s own knowledge based innovation-oriented and high-tech industries and attract investment in the most promising Ukrainian industry areas. It is necessary to replace imports from EU and create subsidiaries and joint ventures in Ukraine, to introduce European standards of production, to participate in programs of scientific and technological development of the EU and to integrate into the European research area. Keywords: innovation, enterprise innovation, funding innovation.