Механізми нейтралізації банківських ризиків

Abstract

У статті досліджено процес управління кредитним ризиком у вітчизняних банківських установах. Визначено роль, практику використання та шляхи вдосконалення методів управління кредитним ризиком. Виокремлено методи управління кредитним ризиком. Розглянуто особливості та види вітчизняного і зарубіжного досвіду страхування банківських ризиків. Виділено pяд пepeваг пpoгpами кoмплeкcнoгo банкiвcькoгo cтpаxування та cтpимуючі чинники викopиcтання укpаїнcькими банками данoгo виду страхування. Досліджено сутність та практику використання лімітування вітчизняними банками. Запропоновано напрями розвитку механізмів нейтралізації банківських ризиків. Ключові слова: ризик, кредитний ризик, управління ризиками, диверсифікація, лімітування, страхування ризиків.

Banking has always been under the influence of the financial risks because these risks are the most common and can significantly affect banking. The article analyses the process of banking risk management in domestic banks, including credit risk management. Credit risk depends on both external and internal factors. The abilities to manage external factors are limited, although by taking timely action banks can reduce the impact of risks and prevent losses. Therefore, the main methods of credit risk management are located within the internal bank policy. The article defines role, usage, and ways of improving of credit risk management methods. The article describes the main characteristics and types of domestic and foreign approaches to comprehensive insurance of bank risks, highlights several advantages of the program of comprehensive bank insurance and constraining factors of usage of this type of insurance by domestic banks. Unfortunately, comprehensive insurance of bank risks is not common in Ukraine. Thus, it has been determined that in order to increase the number of operations performed by insurance companies aimed at insuring bank credits it is necessary to show balance sheets and financial statements of insurers, as well as to simplify the procedure of entering into insurance contracts. Furthermore, it has been proved that comprehensive insurance of bank risks is a necessary step in the development of both the insurance market and the Ukrainian economy in general which will significantly reduce inflationary fluctuations and will help to stabilize banking system and regulate money flow. However, the effective implementation of the system of comprehensive insurance of bank risks will require certain changes in legislation, rising level of integration in the world economy, improved monitoring of bank activities and significant investments in the development of the insurance market and banking system. The article explores the nature and practice of usage of rationing by domestic banks and offers directions for the development of mechanisms of neutralization of bank risks. Thus, it has been proved that the main task of bank risk management is the necessity to achieve more accurate forecasting of bad debt and the amount of reserves to be created for the purpose of covering bad debt. Keywords: risk, credit risk, risk management, diversification, limitation, insurance, credit risk.