Вплив структури поверхні імплантатів на процеси остеоінтеграції (огляд літератури)

Abstract

В оглядовій статті узагальнено дані сучасної літератури щодо особливостей впливу фізичних характери- стик біоматеріалів, з яких виготовляються дентальні імплантати, на медико-біологічні ефекти їх імпланта- ції, зокрема, на адгезію клітин, остеокондукцію і остеоіндукцію. Особлива увага приділена аналізу даних щодо впливу модифікації поверхні імплантатів на динаміку процесів остеоінтеграції. Ключові слова: імплантологія, остеоінтеграція, структура поверхні імплантатів.

The article presents summarizing data of modern literature about the peculiarities of influence of the physical racteristics of biomaterials material from which the dental implant is made on the medical and biological effects of lantation, in particular, on the cells adhesion, osteoconduction and osteoinduction. Particular attention is focused he influence of implants surface structure on the dynamics of osteointegration. A conclusion was made that modern implantology has a wide range of materials, which gained a strong reputa- tion. The most widely used material is titanium and its alloys, which have demonstrated satisfactory biological proper- ties. At the same time new innovative materials, such as zirconium implants are widely used for today. Furthermore, a method of controlled formation of nano-structured surface with micro-heterogenic transition layer, which includes cal- cium phosphate compounds, was received on the base impulse laser processing. Under these conditions phases with high mechanical and chemical stability were created. A fundamentally new technology of gradient bioactive ceramic coating creation on dental implants was developed, with determined distribution of components concentrations that al- lows introducing coatings with different porosity along its endossal part. The results of the present analytical research have showed the advantages of the innovative materials and under- lined the important role of implants surface modification on the process of osteointegration. Keywords: implantology, osteointegration, structure of the implants surface.