Екологічна характеристика водопоїв та їх територій при високій щільності ратичних в умовах Азово-Сиваського національного природного парку

Abstract

Наведені результати досліджень екологічної характеристики водопоїв ратичних та їх територій в умовах півострівної акумулятивної системи «Азово-Сиваськийнаціональний природний парк». Проаналізованийгідрохімічний склад води досліджених копанок,також встановлений вміст основних макроелементів в рослинному раціоні ратичних в районі водопоїв.Досліджена структурнаорганізація зоопланктону і зообентосу досліджених копанок в залежності від їх мінералізації. Ключові слова:Азово-Сиваський національний природний парк,копанки ратичних,макроелементи в раціоні ратичних біля водопоїв, гідрохімічні показники, зоопланктон, зообентос.

The results of studies of the environmental characteristics of watering places of ungulates over their density in specifications of peninsular accumulative system «Azov-Syvash National Nature Park». The results of their hydrochemical analysis of water. Analyzed structural organization of zooplankton and zoobenthos in investigated small illegal coalmines depending on their mineralization. It is set, that the maximum hoofed animals' attendance of watering places during the day occur in the summer (85-215 an.), in spring and in autumn they are visited by smaller quantity of hoofed animals – 15-25 and 20-30 animals, respectively. During the month hoofed animals' attendance of watering places was following – spring of 45-75 animals, summer of 250-800 animals, autumn of 60-100 animals. For amount of salt the watering places refers to salted mesohaline or poligalinnye water. By the criteria of pollution by components of salt content water of watering places refers to a category of mediocre water, by the measure of purity (contamination) - to moderately polluted water, by the trophicity – to polythronic water and by saprobity – to α-mesosaprobic water. As a consequence that the watering places differ among themselves by mineralization their water can by separated to water with high mineralization 20000,0-21000,0 mg/L3 and water with increased mineralization 2000,0-2500,0 mg/L3. High content of nitrogen and potassium in the feed ration of ungulates, particular in plants, that are located near the water places due to high levels of these macronutrients in water places. The content of sodium and potassium ions in the studied water places fluctuated in the following ranges 472-6940 mg/L3 and 0,46-46,6 mg/L3 respectively. Zooplankton of water places that distinguished by the measure of mineralized water had some differences. The species composition of zooplankton of water places with high mineralization of water was presented only by ostracods and water places with increased mineralization of water was presented by copepods, cladocerans, ostracods. Zoobenthos of these water places was characterized by high quantities of larvaes of Diptera, where they dominated both in number and the biomass 82.6% and 55.8% respectively of the total biomass of zoobenthos. In zoobenthos of water places with high mineralization of water both in number and the biomass dominated Hemiptera, which accounted respectively 68.6% and 63.3% of the total biomass of zoobenthos. Despite the high number and density of ungulates in conditions of peninsular ecosystem we did not reveal contamination of helminthiasis wild ungulates which is confirmed by low quantities of the only representative of mollusc, L. truncatula, which is likely to serve as the first intermediate host for trematodes. The impact of ungulates on ecosystems of spit on Biruchiy island, in particular on aquatic ecosystems (water places of ungulates) in general, requires further complex researches to clarify the relationship between the population of wild ungulates and hidrobiotsenozes of water places. This will facilitate the conservation and management of such protected areas. Key words: Azov-Syvash National Nature Park, small illegal coalmines of ungulates, hydrochemical indicators, zooplankton, zoobenthos.