Визначення поняття та важливість інституту емфітевзису в економічному розвитку

Abstract

У статті досліджені літературні та наукові джерела з питань визначення сутності терміну «емфітевзис». В сучасних умовах реформування економіки виникає потреба уніфікації поняття права користування чужою земельною ділянкою для сільськогосподарських потреб. Відповідно до поставленої мети зроблено систематизоване узагальнення даного поняття, доведено важливість впровадження в економічні земельні відносини такого інструменту як емфітевзис. Ключові слова: емфітевзис, речове право, спадкове довготривале користування, договір емфітевзису, землі сільськогосподарського призначення, земельні правовідносини.

Increasing importance in the Ukraine's economic relations acquires the institution of emphyteusis in the current conditions of the land moratorium. Landowners consider it as an alternative tool for the land rent, which gives more freedom and prospects for regulating land relations. Lack of analysis and competent authorities explanations, an absence of regulatory framework does not allow landowners to take all advantage of the right. One of the major issues is still refinement of the definition “emphyteusis”. Justification of the term "emphyteusis" will facilitate the research of the formation of land relations and will help to determine the characteristics and directions for its improving in agriculture of Ukraine in the current conditions. A number of important theoretical problems causes the necessity of emphyteusis research, the expediency of its detailed specification and clarification of contentious issues. Solving contradictions in the land relations practice which relate to the right to use an alien land for agricultural needs will facilitate the conduct of a comprehensive study of theoretical problems. We have formulated the importance of сonsolidation in the Ukrainian legislation complete logical definition of emphyteusis. Emphyteusis - a long-term or fixed-term (no more than 50 years for the state and communal land) paid right of use an alien land for agricultural needs with the aim of obtaining economic benefits and income (for business or other activities) with the obligatory effective use of the natural properties of lands in accordance with the purpose: regulated by law and based on an agreement between the landowner and the person who has expressed a desire to use this land for such needs; it may be alienated, transferred as a pledge or by inheritance (by court order or by will) and may be contributed to the statutory fund of another enterprise (with the exception of state and municipal land). The legalization or the definition will allow the landowners to retain ownership of their land and to get income from transferring the right of the land use to another person. The results of the analysis indicate the importance of it for practical application especially for alien land for agricultural needs. Keywords: emphyteusis, proprietary right, hereditary long-term use, emphyteusis agreement, agricultural land, land legal relations.