Економічна спроможність громади в умовах децентралізації: аспект ділової активності

Abstract

В умовах децентралізації влади важливим є не просто питання формування громад, а формування саме економічно спроможних громад. Крім наявності природних ресурсів, матеріальних активів, достатніх фінансових ресурсів тощо, неабияку роль у цьому відіграє також ділова активність, здійснювана на території громади. Стаття присвячена аналізу рівнів ділової активності громад, об’єктивно віднесених до різних кластерів та, на основі цього, до різних груп. Проведено порівняльно-кількісну оцінку 19 показників ділової активності у розрізі громад, визначено їх основні соціально-економічні характеристики. Ключові слова: об’єднана територіальна громада (ОТГ), децентралізація, ділова активність, кластер, економічна спроможність.

In terms of decentralization of governance, the important issue is not just the formation of the communities, but the formation of economically capable communities. A major role in this belongs to the business activity that takes place on the territory of the community. The analysis of levels of communities’ business activity attributed to the different clusters and groups is done in this article. A comparative and quantitative ratio of 19 indexes of communities’ business activity was evaluated; also basic social and economic descriptions of communities’ groups are identified. Including this, only 1 community (with the highest business activity) fell into the 1st cluster, into the 2nd cluster - also only 1 community (with business activity above the average), in the 3rd cluster - 2 communities (with the average business activity), in the 4th - 19 communities (with business activity below the average), in the 5th - 28 communities (with the least business activity). The research showed, that only 4 communities of the Transcarpathian region have a high and average level of business activity, and it amount is only 8%. The remaining 92% (47 communities) - are communities with a level of business activity below the average and low. Taking into account the results of the clustering, as well as the administrative and territorial characteristics, the communities were divided into 4 groups. So, the 1st group includes the communities that formed around the 2 largest cities in the region; in the 2nd group - the communities that formed around 2 cities of regional subordination; in the 3rd group - the communities that formed around the city-district centers or the communities of the 1-2 groups; in the 4th group - the communities that belong to the mountainous territories. As practice has shown, appropriate business activity will also be the level of economic development. Coming from this, it is important to develop and form appropriate economic policy tools for different groups of communities, which should contribute to their social and economic development. Keywords: incorporated territorial communities, decentralization, business activity, cluster, economic capability.