Початкова освіта Закарпаття у 50-80-их роках ХХ століття

Abstract

Після складного періоду становлення нової школи першого десятиліття приєднання Закарпаття до Радянської України, у 50-их роках наступив період розвитку початкової освіти за стандартами радянської школи. Радянським урядом було видано ряд освітніх документів (законів, постанов, розпоряджень), які регламентували організаційно-педагогічні умови діяльності початкових шкіл з державною та національними мовами навчання. У статті розглядаються особливості впровадження в закарпатських школах цільової комплексної програми «Початкові класи». Ключові слова: початкова освіта, початкова школа, Радянський Союз, Закарпаття.

In the 50-ies years came the period of development of the primary education by the standards of the Soviet school after the difficult period of the formation of new school of the first decade of the joining the Transcarpathian region to the Soviet Ukraine. Soviet government had published a number of educational documents which regulated the organizational and pedagogical conditions for activity of the primary schools with state and national languages of training. In particular “The law on Strengthening of Connection the School with the Life and about the Further Development of the System of Public Education in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics” (1958). This Law foresaw the transition to a compulsory eight-year education. Since 1954 the government introduced compatible teaching of boys and girls in those settlements where they studied apart. Notable event in the reforming of education was the opening the groups of extended day at schools in 1956. In such groups of extended day were children who were not provided with the care of adults at extracurricular time. The positive in reforming of the primary education was made the target comprehensive program "Primary Classes", which has defined priority tasks of the primary education for 1981-1985 years (that is deployment of a network of the preparatory classes, the implementation of studies on restructuring school week, the introduction of teaching children from the age of six, enhance learning, training and development of primary school pupils etc.). The implementation of given program was carried out also based at the Transcarpathian schools, in particular based at schools of the area of Velykyi Bereznyi. Key words: primary education, primary school, the Soviet Union, Transcarpathia.