Формування капіталу аграрних підприємств в умовах економічної кризи

Abstract

В статті розглянуті тенденції розвитку аграрного сектору економіки України. Систематизовано джерела формування капіталу сільськогосподарських підприємств, викладено чинники, що впливають на їх діяльність. Проаналізовано склад та структуру капіталу сільськогосподарських підприємств. Особливу увагу приділено проблемам фінансування та кредитування аграрних підприємств з державного бюджету. Охарактеризовано механізм фінансового регулювання аграрного сектору економіки та його зв'язок з формуванням власного і позикового капіталу. Викладено пропозиції щодо вдосконалення формування власного та позикового капіталу сільськогосподарських підприємств. Обгрунтована необхідність розширення державної підтримки аграрного сектору економіки України. Ключові слова: аграрний сектор, сільськогосподарські підприємства, джерела формування капіталу, власний капітал, позиковий капітал, бюджетне фінансування, кредитування.

The place of the agrarian sector in the economy of Ukraine and the specific share of gross value added that was created by agricultural producers in the country's GDP were defined in the article. Financial results and profitability of operational activities of agriculture, forestry and fisheries business entities in the context of large, medium, small and micro-enterprises were analyzed. It has been determined that the specific nature of internal and external agricultural enterprises cash flows causes the availability of various sources of formation of their capital. Sources of capital formation of agricultural enterprises, in particular, own, borrowed sources and sustainable liabilities were systematized. The technical, technological, natural, economic, organizational factors that affect the activities of agricultural enterprises were described. The dynamics of agriculture, forestry and fisheries large and medium-sized enterprises capital composition and structure were analyzed. It has been revealed that current liabilities and provisions are growing most rapidly in the agricultural enterprises capital and own capital is growing at the lowest rates. The specific share of own equity in the agrarian enterprises capital decreases year by year, they lose their financial stability. Particular attention has been paid to the problems of state budget financing and lending to agrarian enterprises. The mechanism of influence of state financial regulation instruments on the generation of agrarian enterprises of own and borrowed capital was outlined. The types and specific share of expenses for the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine were analyzed. The conditions and main directions of budget lending to agricultural producers were characterized. It has been established that in comparison with other sectors of the economy agricultural enterprises demonstrate satisfactory results of the activity. At the same time, the functioning of agricultural enterprises is associated with significant risks, that can lead to the loss of their potential. Proposals for improving the formation of own and borrowed capital of agricultural enterprises concern: - expansion of state financial support for the agrarian sector of the economy; - creating favorable conditions for the use of bank loans; - financial management measures to the enterprise. Effective use of own and borrowed sources of financing must create financial leverage effect for increasing of profits and return on equity of agricultural enterprises, improve their financial stability. Keywords: agrarian sector, agricultural enterprises, sources of capital, equity capital, borrowed capital, budget financing, loans.