Нова індустріалізація: світова тенденція та перспективи для України

Abstract

У статті розглядаються основні тенденції індустріального розвитку розвинутих країн світу та України. Проведене дослідження різних точок зору щодо обґрунтування виявлених тенденцій дало змогу виявити головні проблеми індустріального розвитку. На основі аналізу світового досвіду з проведення промислової політики визначені найбільш дієві заходи, що здатні здійснити позитивний вплив на індустріальний розвиток. Визначені специфічні проблеми, що існують в українській економіці, які стоять на заваді її індустріального розвитку. У зв’язку з цим наведені певні рекомендації для розробки промислової політики України. Ключові слова: індустріалізація, промисловий розвиток, інституціональна складова, інноваційний розвиток, промислова політика.

This article considers general tendencies of industrial development which can be seen in the developed countries as well as in Ukraine. As a result, we can say that there is the strong tendency to deindustrialization, which can be defined as the declining of the share of value added by manufacturing in GDP. The analysis of different points of view on explanation of these tendencies gives the opportunity to define some main problems of industrial development. Manufacturing is the most important element, which is able to provide economic development. Industrialization should be based on new technologies, but at the same time we should not underestimate the importance of low-technological production. It is important for industrialization to provide development of Small and Medium Enterprises. There was created the idea of Factory of the Future, which includes some social aspects of producing. The consideration of the world practice on holding the industrial policy was helpful for distinguishing the most useful actions, which are able to make a beneficial influence on the industrial development. Some specific problems, which are common for Ukraine, were pointed out as the obstacles for the industrial development. Most of all, it is important to understand that deindustrialization in Ukraine has destructive nature. There have not been created any institutions, which could provide sustainable development of Ukrainian industrial basis. That is why it is more precise to use a term ‘new industrialization’ applying to Ukraine than a term ‘reindustrialisation’, which fits more to developed countries. So Ukraine has quit a lot of problems, which have already been sold by developed countries. The intervention of government is stated to be highly important, because it should provide all the necessary conditions for new industrialization. Because of scarcity of recourses there should be chosen some branches of economy, which can make the most beneficial effect on the economy. So it is important that these branches could produce competitive production, which can be sold on a world market. Ukraine should change its raw materials-oriented export to export based on high-technological production. The numerous problems, which must be solved by our economy, determine the necessity of creating the program of industrial policy. As the result, there were made some recommendations for Ukrainian industrial policy. Keywords: industrialization, industrial development, institutions, the development of innovations, industrial policy.