Інституційні проблеми розвитку малого бізнесу

Abstract

У даній статті висвітлено сутність категорій «інститут» та «інституція», наведено теоретичні підходи окремих видатних представників інституціоналізму щодо понятійно-категоріального апарату даного напряму економічної думки. Здійснено оцінку інституційних вад внутрішнього ринку України, а також позицій нашої країни у різноманітних рейтингах за рівнем розвитку інституцій. Проаналізовано основні інституційні проблеми розвитку малого підприємництва та запропоновано певні шляхи їх подолання. Ключові слова: інститути, інституційне середовище, малий бізнес, розвиток.

One of the factors which constrain the enterprise initiative devel-opment and brake economic reforms in Ukraine could be discrepancy of the institutional environment to market conditions. The purpose of this article is to highlight the institutional problems of small business devel-opment and find its solutions. The basic institutions of a modern market economy include property rights, mechanisms for their protection, freedom of economic entities, ways of their interaction, the system of norm and rules regulating economic and social activities in society. In our view, the existence of clear rules laid down in legal acts, effective system for the protection and restoration of violated rights, especially property rights and rules of competition, stability, economic policy promote the increase of economic agents’ positive expectations and investment climate of the country, it creates a basis for economic growth. One of the reasons of a failure of economic reforms in Ukraine of the period of independence could be called the mismatch of market institutions to informal rules and common behaviors that were formed during the time of command economy. Ukraine takes very low positions on development of the institutes which are extremely important for business functioning. The poor quality of state regulation, problems with protection of property rights, ineffective law enforcement and judicial system, corruption are the factors that worsen the business environment in the country. The institutional problems given in the article lead to the fact that the impact of reforms does not meet expectations. Overregula-tion and excessive monopolization of the domestic economy, significant influence of certain financial and industrial groups in the political and economic decisions, corruption and lack of protection of property rights worsen the investment climate in the country. The current state is being preserved and it dramatically increases the likelihood of recurrence of worsening economic crisis in Ukraine. The improvement of the institutional environment will facilitate the reduction of transaction costs, the activation of investment processes and business activities, and it may become the basis for economic growth in the future. In turn, business development leads to institutional reconstruction of society on the basis of expanding economic freedom and the establishment of "middle class" as the basis of social stability. Keywords: institutions, institutional environment, small business, development.