Інституційне середовище як фактор формування та реалізації регуляторної політики

Abstract

У статті проведений аналіз основних елементів інституційного середовища та їх теоретичне висвітлення в економічних дослідженнях закордонних та вітчизняних фахівців. Представлено авторське бачення основних економічних категорій, які застосовуються у процесі інституційного аналізу, а також визначені важливі характеристики національного інституційного середовища. Отримані теоретичні результати, використані для аналізу механізмів забезпечення функціонування однієї з базисних інституцій ринкової економіки – права власності на землю. Ключові слова: інституційне середовище, регуляторна політика, аграрний сектор, приватна власність на землю.

The article analyzes the main elements of institutional environment and its theoretical coverage in economical research of foreign and domestic experts. The author's vision of basic economic categories that are used in the process of institutional analysis is presented and it allowed to distinguish the characteristics of the institutional environment that have a decisive influence on regulatory policy. The theoretical results are used to analyze mechanisms provision of one of the basic institutions of a market economy - land ownership. We determined the features of market transformation of inversion type for the agricultural sector, which essence is in the need of simultaneously with the transition from collective and state farms method of agricultural production based on state ownership of the means of production, change not only the economic and legal framework of management, but also informal rules on the introduction of private land ownership and representation on relations with the state. On one hand, the luck of informal rules on the need for a mechanism for the imple-mentation of land ownership, and on the other, the presence of groups interested in preserving the existing system affects such features of regulatory policy in the agricultural sector as the existence of formal rules aimed at solving current problems of land reform, and not on regulation of land relations in the market environment. It is proven that such short-term regulatory policy, in the absence of strategic plans, increases uncertainty in the agricultural sector, creates prereq-uisites for the functioning of the illegal land market, including the basis of the illegal change of land purpose, creates conditions for the implementation of speculation on the lease market, as a result population is deprived of the oppor-tunity to rent their allotment at the market prices. It is alleged that the presence of separate institutes and institutions of democracy and the free market is not a guarantee and sufficient precondition for sustainable economic growth. The high-quality institutional environment is required with complementary institutional framework and in line with market economy of mixed type. Keywords: institutional framework, regulatory policy, the agricultural sector, private ownership of land.