Моделювання багатоцільових оптимізаційних задач логістики у малому бізнесі

Abstract

Стаття присвячена дослідженню проблеми розв’язку багатоцільових оптимізаційних задач логістики у малому бізнесі. Сформульовано задачу, в якій з’ясовується вплив використання 3D-принтерів на кінцевий результат діяльності підприємств малого бізнесу. З метою мінімізації витрат часу на виробництво та підготовку продукції для доставки розроблено відповідну математичну модель багатоцільової оптимізації логістичних процесів підприємства малого бізнесу. Описано кроки розв’язку задачі з використанням інструментарію цільового програмування. Ключові слова: логістика, цільове програмування, багатоцільова оптимізація, малий бізнес.

There are considered two situations in the logistics of small busi-ness: the current technology of the production and sales of goods (with-out the use of 3D-printers) and the innovative one which consists of the use of 3D-printers for the production of goods. Under the existing scheme of production technology and sales, it is common that the full implementation of customer order consists of the following steps: acceptance of the order for execution; the selection of products in stock; checking for damage and functionality; order packaging; preparation of supporting documents; transfer of order to a delivery service; delivery of order to the consumer. The article examines the processing of the order until its transfer to the delivery service. In the situation when 3D-printers are used, the complete service of the client order is different and consists of the previously mentioned steps with an additional step. This step is a production (printing) of the goods with the help of 3D-printers. In addition, the step of the selection of products in stock may be miss-ing. For the first situation, the task and appropriate solution have been formulated using linear programming. For the second situation, the problem is formulated taking into account the impact of the use of 3D-printers on the final result of the activity of small businesses. In order to minimize the time spent on the production and order processing, it is suggested to use the mathematical model of multiobjective optimization of logistic processes of small businesses. The steps for solving the problem are described by using multiobject programming tools. The use of the innovative technologies of production (e.g., 3D-printers) allows to get a greater extent to satisfy consumers in contrast to the use of current technology. But the implementation of such technology in production could affect the financial results of the enterprise. On one hand, the use of 3D-printers leads to a significant reduction of costs for the purchase and storage of the finished product. On the other hand, by increasing the time of printing and processing orders, sales volumes are significantly reduced per day, and hence the profit of the enterprise. Thus, in accord-ance with the terms and conditions considered in the article, the volumes of order processing will be significantly reduced, which consequently will affect the profits of the enterprise. The way of solving this problem is the usage of a big number of 3D-printers, but it is costly. In further studies it is appropriate to explore the different aspects of the target programming for solving multiobjective optimization of small (medium, large) business. In particular, it will be useful to consider the formula-tion of objectives, the establishment of relations between them, etc. Keywords: logistics, targeted programming, multiobjective optimization, small business.