Проблема трансформації організованих заощаджень домогосподарств в інвестиційні ресурси банків

Abstract

У статті розглянуто проблеми трансформації організованих заощаджень домогосподарств у інвестиційний капітал. Обґрунтовано роль заощаджень населення в активізації інвестиційних процесів в Україні. Здійснено аналіз доходів, витрат та заощаджень фізичних осіб за останні десять років, результати якого дозволили дійти висновку, що заощадження населення є ключовою ланкою у процесі формування інвестиційних ресурсів вітчизняних банків. Визначено основні шляхи підвищення ефективності формування банківського ресурсного потенціалу з метою забезпечення інвестиційних потреб національної економіки. Ключові слова: заощадження домогосподарств; організовані заощадження; інвестиційний капітал; трансформація заощаджень в інвестиції; ресурсний потенціал банків; кредитно-інвестиційна діяльність банків.

The research goal is an analysis and assessment of household savings as a source of bank resources, and the reasoning of the role of organized savings in investment processes as one of the determining factors of socio-economic development. The article presents analysis of research and publications of the classical scholars of economic theory, modern foreign and domestic researchers about the determination of the content and economic nature of savings. There was discovered that the majority of scientists, while exploring the transformation of household savings in the investment potential of the state, tend to use the term «organized savings». In the article, the proper definition of this term is suggested, based on the study of different views on its interpretation. It was proved that the formation of organized savings of individuals is accompanied by their interaction with financial and credit institutions, public involvement in the investment process and the transformation of households in financial agents. The article assesses the income, expenditure and savings of individuals during 2006-2015. There was revealed that in recent years the Ukrainian tendency to save declined due to increased spending on current consumption. The analysis showed that in 2014-2015 Ukraine's population has withdrawn almost 125 bln. UAH of their savings invested in financial instruments that partly happened due to the decline in bank deposits by 31 bln. UAH. The importance of household organized savings was confirmed, especially term deposits, in order to form the resource base of banks. There was revealed that a quarter of the domestic commercial banks' liabilities are long-term deposits of individuals. There also was found that in recent years many of the funds had been transferred by bank customers from long-term accounts to accounts on demand. We noted that the presence of a large number of deposits on demand does not allow banks for widespread use of these funds in the long run. It is proved that the existence and amount of household organized savings largely depend on the socio-economic and political situation in the country. The article defines that among the tasks aimed at increasing confidence in the financial and credit sector of the economy, the priorities are the following: the stabilization of the the national currency by increasing international reserves and gradual liberalization of exchange restrictions; improving the efficiency of the Deposit Guarantee Fund and gradual increase of the guaranteed amount of deposits; reducing of inflation by minimizing monetary emission, reduction of dollarization in the economy and reduction of the refinancing rate; increasing the statutory fund of commercial banks in order to recapitalization program. Keywords: household savings; organized savings; investment capital; transformation of savings into investments; resource potential of banks; credit and investment banking.