Поняття нового терміна в сучасній українській літературній мові: основні ознаки, вимоги та особливості

Abstract

У статті викладено результати дослідження поняття новий термін у сучасній українській літературній мові, охарактеризовано його основні ознаки та вимоги, що стосуються відповідності зазначеного в публікації статусу, виявлено й описано відмінності нової термі- нолексики від уже наявної, складники якої помітно поповнюють їі словниковий запас. Доведено, іцо у своєму становленні нова термінолексика входить у вжиток різними лексичними пластами, підпорядковується загальним закономірностям і нормативним вимогам мовної системи. Ключові слова: термін, новий термін, термінологічна лексика, термінологічні системи, неонім.

Summary. The article focuses on the results of the notion of the new term study in the Modern Ukrainian Literary Language, new basic signs and requirements have been characterized, concerning the correspondence to the above mentioned status in the publication, the distinctions of the new terminological lexis have been revealed and described in comparison with the already available one, the constituents of which noticeably replenish its word stock. It has been proved that in its formation the new terminological lexis comes into being by means of different layers, is subordinated to generally accepted regularities and normative requirements of the language system. The status of innovation in lexis is based on the main sign availability in a newly-formed word which was not in use before. Therefore this lexical unit is now perceived as new. The author proceeds from the assumption that any term must be characterized with laconism, monosemanticity, lack of homonyms, synonyms etc. Besides, the term must not comprise surplus information, it must definitely correlate with a notion. The definition of the notion new term includes the necessity of calling new things, notions phenomena, qualities, properties, actions and sometimes for the substitu tion of already available names with others, more definite and more suitable for professional communication as new terms are formed consciously, the differences from common words, have been motivated in the article, and for the most precise notion in the term emotional colouring has been reduced to minimum. The peculiarity of a new term that differs it from a from a common word is distinct, accessible and the shortest wording, the characteristic features of which are the expression of the most essential specific signs of the notion: precision of the meaning, monosemanticity, full or almost full lack of synonyms, motivation, perfection in the creation, lack of emotional colouring: from a formal side - shortage and distinction, formulation that is clear for perception in a satisfactory wording. The ways of new term creation Ukrainian linguists consider in: making new terms by means reinterpretation of meaning, the formation of new terms from proper names of the authors, inventions, developments, composing abbreviated terminological word groups. Key words: term, new term, terminological lexis, terminological systems, newonym