Інституційна та економічна динаміка національного бізнесу

Abstract

Цілями роботи є: генетико-алгоритмічний аналіз джерел дисфункції інституціональної основи бізнесової та економічної системи України; описання бар’єрів розвитку ефективного бізнесу та конкуренції; аналіз детермінант розбалансування механізмів розширеного відтворення капіталів в Україні. Авторами досліджено зміни компонент формальної та неформальної частин інституційного середовища. Виявлено, що загалом бар’єрами економічного росту є і неефективна організація праці, особливо на держаних підприємствах, і неефективне використання людського капіталу, і відсутність реальної реструктуризації капіталу, і відсутність інституту конкуренції. Ключові слова: формальні інститути, неформальні інститути, інновації, конкуренція, приватизація, національна економіка.

Despite the "openness" of society and the transparency of economic and political boundaries, that shapes and demands globalization, Ukraine had fallen into a transformational economic trap. How did Ukraine get into it? Undoubtedly, the share of blame for ineffective Ukrainian governments is significant. But the sources of this trap are much larger. Some role had been played by both domestic legislators and foreign "advisers". After all, the promoters of the post-communist transformation in Ukraine took into account, among other things, the recommendations of international financial organizations and leaders of partner countries in international business. To bring Ukraine into such a deep transformation trap could a resonant combination of failures of economic ideology, unsuccessful or harmful influences of actors of the environment and selfish short-sightedness of the actors of the internal environment. Therefore, the objectives of the work are: 1) genetic algorithmic analysis of sources of disfunction of the institutional basis of the business and economic system of Ukraine; 2) description of barriers to effective business and competition development; 3) analysis of the determinants of imbalances in the mechanisms of expanded capital reproduction in Ukraine. Formal institutes were investigated through the prism of normative legal acts of spheres of private property, privatization, competition, monopoly, freedom of entrepreneurship. To study the evolution of informal institutions statistical and analytical data of Ukrainian and international analytical and monitoring organizations on the state of the institutional environment of Ukraine were used. As a result, more than half of the institutional changes are found to have negative trends. About a third of the components of the institutional environment were affected by positive changes, and no changes were made in 15.4% of the components. In general the institutional component is Ukraine's weakest position, and the country relates to transitional governments and hybrid regimes with defective democracy, functional deficiencies in a market economy, and an average level of government efficiency. The totality of institutional reforms in Ukraine has shaped the socio-economic and political structure called "crony", "clan", and "oligarchic" capitalism. In general the barriers to economic growth are inefficient labor organization, especially in state-owned enterprises, and the inefficient use of human capital, and the lack of real capital restructuring, and the absence of a competition institution. Keywords: formal institutes, informal institutes, innovations, competition, privatization, national economy.