Економічна спроможність громад: кластерування на основі ділової активності

Abstract

У статті проведено аналіз рівнів ділової активності громад Закарпаття на основі 19 відібраних показників за допомогою методу кластерування. При цьому виділено 5 таких кластерів (від найвищого рівня ділової активності – 1 кластер, до найнижчого рівня ділової активності – 5 кластер). Визначено характеристики та відмінні особливості населених пунктів і місцевих рад кожного зі сформованих кластерів. Ключові слова: децентралізація, об’єднана територіальна громада, ділова активність, кластер, економічна спроможність.

For the formation of an economically capable community its business climate and business activity are important, because from this also financial resources of the community will depend on (tax and nontax revenues, revenues from capital operations, business and property revenues, investments, grants, salary, etc.). The levels of business activity of Transcarpathian communities using the clustering method based on 19 selected indicators are analyzing in the article. Herewith 5 such clusters are allocated (from the highest level of business activity - the 1st cluster, to the lowest level of business activity - the 5th cluster). The characteristics and distinctive features of settlements and local councils of each of the formed clusters are determined. The analysis showed that only in 4 communities (7,9% of the total quantity) - Uzhgorod community, Mukachevo community, Berehovo community and Khust community - business activity is within the range of 1-3 clusters, that is, it has a high or average level. And 47 communities (92,1%) belong to the 4-5th clusters - groups with the lowest level of business activity. Thus, a high level of business activity is inherent in the two communities, which are formed around the largest cities of the region. Average business activity is characterized the other two communities with centers in the cities of regional submission. Communities with business activity below average are those that are formed around cities of district centers, and also those which are bordered with the same and/or stronger for the business activity communities. Communities which were formed not around cities of regional subordination and mountain communities belong to communities with the lowest business activity (cluster 5). Therefore, in the current situation, it is expedient a differentiated approach in the development of policy tools for community economic development, depending on which cluster they belong to. Keywords: decentralization, united territorial community, business activity, cluster, economic capacity.