Види публічного майна в національній правовій доктрині

Abstract

В статті досліджуються підходи до трактування сутності та складу публічного майна в національній правовій доктрині. Проаналізовані різноманітні підходи до визначення об’єктів публічної власності, зокрема суб’єктивний та за цільовим призначенням. На основі аналізу норм чинного законодавства була запропонована класифікація видів публічного майна.

The basic concept in legal science is the approach by which public property is identified with objects of state and communal property. Thus, in the definition of public property, a purely subjective criterion is used, and the terms "public property" and "objects of public ownership" are treated as synonyms. At the same time, it seems that the only criterion for the division of property, which has an approach to the problems of public law and the specifics of state and communal property objects, is the differentiation of property based on its turnover (Article 178 of the Civil Code of Ukraine). From these positions, the objects of state and communal property can be divided into the following groups: 1) public property withdrawn from circulation - objects of state-owned property only; 2) public property limited in civilian traffic; 3) objects owned by the public owner and potentially in free civilian traffic. In the light of the foregoing, the civil-law classification of property appears to be useful for analyzing the statics of public-ownership relations, but not enough to launch a mechanism for public administration and disclose the dynamics of relations of public ownership. The differentiation of the public-legal regime of state and communal property is based on different conditions in Ukraine, such as the level of ownership (state, territorial community), natural properties of objects (forest areas, water objects, land plots, buildings, property complexes, valuable paper, etc.), the scope and nature of the purpose of the property, etc. Taking into account advanced foreign experience, the very differentiation of property on the basis of "purpose" appears to be the most effective at this stage of development of students about public property. Thus, we propose the following classification of types of public property in Ukraine: public property of general use; public property that may be transferred to other entities in order to meet their economic needs in the property concerned; public property that provides public services; public property, which provides a general economic activity; public property that provides another publicly significant activity.

В статье исследуются подходы к трактовке сущности и состава публичного имущества в национальной правовой доктрине. Проанализированы различные подходы к определению объектов публичной собственности, в частности субъективный и по целевому назначению. На основе анализа норм действующего законодательства была предложена классификация видов публичного имущества.