Дослідження середньовічних церков Закарпаття у 2017 році

Abstract

У 2017 році археологічна експедиція Ужгородського національного університету провела дослідження двох середньовічних церков, які у XVI ст., під час подій Реформації, перейшли до протестантської громади. Розташовуються вони в селах Батфа та Паладь-Комарівці (Ужгородський район Закарпаття). Метою наукових робіт було уточнення хронології і встановлення стратиграфії пам’яток, а також виявлення ар- хітектурних складових, зокрема, залишків сакристії чи початкової апсиди. У результаті був отриманий ґрунтовний матеріал, зібрано вагому колекцію знахідок, що хронологічно охоплює кінець XIII – XVIII ст. На- разі, за наявними археологічними даними час зведення церков можна віднести до рубежу XIII-XIV ст. Однак, задля уточнення, є необхідність провести додаткові дослідження.

In 2017 an archeological expedition of Uzhhorod National University undertook the studies of two medieval churches located in the villages of Uzhhorod district of Transcarpathia. The studies aimed at chronological verification and stratigraphic specification of the monuments as well as at exploration of architectural components, in particular remains of sacristy or early apse. A church in the village of Bátfa was the first to be studied. It was mentioned in the documents of Papal Tithe dated back by the 30s of 14th century. The church has experienced several rearrangements and reconstructions during its history. According to the stated objectives, the expedition explored an area at the northern side of the apse. As a result of this work the foundations of two sacristies were detected. Also several burials were discovered and the artifacts were gathered within the excavation area. An analysis of gathered materials suggests that the church has been built at the edge of 13th-14th centuries. A church in the village of Palad Komarivtsi (Palágykomoróc) has become the next important point of archeological study. It is mentioned in the list of Papal Tithe since 1334. Originally this temple had been built in Roman style but also experienced several rearrangements and renovations. In this case, both the church premises and the grounds have been explored. As a result two crypts were detected and a foundation of early apse was discovered inside the church. In respect to the ground works, they were undertaken on the several sites. An excavation site located directly at the northern wall of apse is worth of special attention. The remains of earlier, 15th century, foundation of the sacristy have been found here. Also the burials and significant number of artefacts were detected in the whole excavation site. The artefacts are presented by ceramic material (pieces of vessels and cups), utensils, fragments of clothes, jewelry, and coins. This material suggests that the church functioned as early as at the edge of 13th-14th. Nevertheless, further studies are needed for more thorough analyses.