ЯДЕРНЕ РОЗЗБРОЄННЯ УКРАЇНИ: ЧИ БУЛА АЛЬТЕРНАТИВА?

Abstract

Статтю присвячено актуальній проблематиці ядерного роззброєння України та його наслідків. Проаналізовано основні правові акти із зазначеної проблематики, висвітлено історіогра- фію питання, обґрунтовано висновки щодо неможливості віднов- лення ядерного потенціалу України.

The article is devoted to the actual problems of nuclear disarmament in Ukraine and its consequences. The basic legal acts of the mentioned problem are analyzed, it highlightsthe historiography of the issue of nuclear disarmament, it grounded conclusions about the impossibility of restoring Ukraine’s nuclear potential. The process of nuclear disarmament in Ukraine is being explored, besides the article analyzes the events that preceded the process of abandoning nuclear potential, identifi es the main causes and consequences of the elimination of Ukraine’s nuclear weapons, and determines an alternative to Ukraine. From the very beginning of the existence, the Ukrainian authorities have been pursuing a course of nuclear refusal by the state. Inheriting nuclear weapons and remaining nuclear power, Ukraine would have been tightly tied to the military-industrial complex of the USSR, because nuclear weapons were developed and created beyond its borders. Its control, maintenance and application centers would be located outside of Ukraine’s borders. If Ukraine had left this weapon, our country would continue to be part of this complex, which would mean political, economic, and military ties to Russia. The author indentifi es two main reasons for the Ukrainian nuclear establishment’s consent to nuclear-free status and it is the fear of political pressure of Russia and the USА, as well as possible international isolation, and an idealistic vision of a future world without nuclear weapons. In recent years, discussions on the issue of nuclear disarmament in Ukraine and the implementation of the Budapest memorandum have intensifi ed in Ukrainian society. The systematic violation of the Russian guarantees assumed by the Budapest memorandum has given rise to an active discussion about the possibility of reinstatement of the nuclear status that became practical after the Ukrainian-Russian confl ict over the Tuzla Island in 2003. Cause of the fact that Russia is one of the countries of the Budapest Memorandum, which should guarantee Ukraine’s sovereignty and security, doubts were raised about the real eff ectiveness of this agreement and the fulfi llment of its conditions by the participating States.