Підходи до вивчення ідіоматики та фразеології

Abstract

Дослідження спрямоване на виявлення основних підходів до вивчення ідіоматики та фразеології, інтеграція яких дозволяє сформувати всебічне бачення досліджуваного об’єкта. У межах структурно-семантичного підходу фразеологізм та ідіома тлумачаться як усталене словосполучення, актуальне значення якого не виводиться зі значень його складових. Доведено, що ідіоми є носіями іллокутивної сили висловлення, виконують певні дискурсивні стратегії та спрямовані на досягнення певного перлокутивного ефекту.

The investigation seeks to define the major approaches to studying idiomacy and phraseology as multidimensional analysis triggers full perspective of the object under study. Among the major approaches to studying idioms are semantic and structural, functional, cognitive, and ethnocultural frameworks. Semantic and structural framework considers both an idiom and a phraseologism to be a set expression, the actual meaning of which cannot be inferred from the meanings of its components. As a result an idiom and a phraseologism are likened. But again, fewer than all phraseologisms have idiomatic meaning as all idioms do, and not all idioms have the structure of a word combination, or a phrase. Idioms also include one-word expressive nominations, which structurally do not belong to the category of phraseological units. Functional approach clarifies the reasons for the occurrence of idioms in the context as well as the specific features of their functioning. Functional framework focuses upon the pragmatics of the discourse, that is, interprets the ways of expressing certain intentions and background assumptions. The functional purpose combines the idioms of various structural levels (whether that be a word, a phrase or a sentence) into one whole functional category. Idioms are proved to come laden with the illocution of the utterance, to actualize certain discoursive strategies as well as to be aimed to achieve some perlocutionary result. Within cognitive framework idioms are perceived as joining link that performs a bridging role between the concepts. That is, the idiomatic meaning is determined by general knowledge about the world, which forms the conceptual system of a person. Consequently, idioms are more likely to belong to conceptual, extralinguistic sphere, rather than to be of a linguistic nature and origin. Ethnocultural linguistics studies the correlation between culturally marked idioms and fundamental elements of culture. Different cultures conceptualize the reality in a similar, specific, or, even, unique way. In this respect idioms turn out to be one of the most powerful sources to interpret national codes and to decipher culture-specific concepts.