Поетика новели " Бабина осінь" Юрія Станинця

Abstract

У статті досліджено особливості поетики новели Юрія Станинця «Бабина осінь», яка презентує ряд психологічних творів митця, написаних у різний час. На відміну від оповідань автора на соціальну тематику, у новелі порушена філософська тема. Екзистенційна проблема межової ситуації, у якій перебуває героїня твору перед відходом в інший світ, розкривається крізь призму її внутрішнього світу. В арсеналі прийомів психологічного письма найбільш продуктивними є пейзажна, портретна деталь, авторське психологічне зображення, що часом переходить у монологічне мовлення.

The topicality of the paper is preconditioned by the necessity of the study of the uniqueness of Yu. Stanynets’s psychological prose, which hasn’t been studied yet within the literary criticism, to find out the genre and stylistic features, to trace, on the example of the short story «Grandmother’s Autumn», the innovative trends in the creative process of the artist, as well as new features of his individual style. The aim of the study is the analysis of the genre, thematic, and style specifics of the novel «Grandmother’s Autumn». The achievement of the aim is ensured by the fulfillment of the main tasks: definition of the genre originality of the work, the outline of the main topic and key issues, the research of the methods of psychological image as the basic way of disclosing the inner world of the hero, topics, problems, as well as pathos of the work. Presentation. The short story «Grandmother’s Autumn» by Yuriy Stanynets was published in 1942 in the «Literary Sunday» having not attracted the attention of the critics. Contemporary researchers of the works of the psychological genre haven’t been interested in the work either. Taking this into consideration the place and artistic peculiarity of the short story «Grandmother’s Autumn» among the texts of such a type is worth our attention. According to the genre and stylistic features «Grandmother’s Autumn» can be qualified as a psychological narrative. Among the texts of a «small» form, it is characterized by the innovative character. The author elaborates a philosophical theme of life and death. Short story is a peculiar artistic studio of psychology of death. Such a topic deeply concerned Yu. Stanynets, the priest, constantly facing the man’s departure into another world, and observing the psychological rejection of such a radical change by a person. Therefore, in the center of his artistic studio is the picture of the inner world of an old woman Ihnatycha in the existential state of both physical and psychological limits. In Yu. Stanynets’s world-view, embodied in the artistic model, a tangible echo with the philosophy of Heidegger K. Yung might be traced. Through the prism of mental states, feelings, and emotions of Ihnatykha, the main character of the short story, the author comprehends the existence of loneliness, fear, and death. The author uses both direct and indirect forms of psychological writing. Within the limits of indirect forms, the landscape and the portrait details, the psychological interpretation of speech, facial expressions, and other forms of external manifestation of the psyche are quite productive. Among the indirect forms of display of the language of the soul, such a device as an internal monologue, which is a continuation of the author’s psychological description or narrative, is mostly used. In the artistic conception of the psychology of the death by Yu. Stanynets, the main thrust is that the natural instinct of life is connected with the spiritual sphere of a person, that is the body, that ages and not the spirit. Therefore, at the climax of the narrative, psychologically, the unequal old Ihnatykha’s struggle between life and the inevitability of death has been shown very reliably. As a result, we should stress that the analysis of the short story «Grandmother’s Autumn» gave reason to assert the origin of a new kind of «small» prose in the work of Yu. Stanynets. The genre of psychological story has showed the author’s perfect work on the artistic form. Appealing to a philosophical theme indicates a change of thematic paradigm of his works. The applied techniques and the means of displaying the language of the human soul confirmed Yu. Stanynets’s skill as a psychology writer capable of reflecting psychological processes in accordance with the truth of life, the laws of psychology, and nature, considered by philosophical science. The conclusions are perspective in the study of other works of the writer, the analysis of his creative evolution within the context of Ukrainian and European literature of the first half of the twentieth century, clarifying the significance of the artist’s work in the Ukrainian literary process.