Українська преса Румунії:суспільно-історичні умови, проблеми та перспективи

Abstract

У статті з’ясовано особливості суспільно-історичних умов розвитку українськомовної преси в Румунії, проаналізовано основні проблеми сучасного функціонування цієї періодики та окреслено можливі перспективи її розвитку.

The author explains in this article the peculiarities of socio-historical conditions of development of Ukrainian-language press in Romania, analyzes the main problems of the modern functioning of these print media and outlines the possible prospects for its development. The Ukrainian language in education, culture and media has undergone various transformations in Romania. In the interwar period (especially in the 1930s of the 20th century), the situation in the Ukrainian-language media in Romaniais deteriorating, the processes of assimilation of Ukrainians and their transformation into Romanians continue.The government of Romania of that time closed Ukrainian schools, newspapers and cultural establishments. In public life, Ukrainian was forbidden, and violations of the law required police intervention.The expansion of the Ukrainian information and communication segment in Romania began in 1948, when a mandatory primary and secondary education (7 classes) was introduced in the native language, based on the new law on reforming public education approved by the Romanian Grand National Assembly. In the years 1948–1960, 116 Ukrainian-language schools of varying degrees, 4 lyceums (in the cities of Sighetu, Marmatia, Tulcea, Suceava, Siret), which trained teachers for Ukrainian-language schools, operated in the villages of Romania.This development of Ukrainian made it possible from May 1949 to publish in Romania the bi-weekly newspaper «Vilne Slovo» (Free Word), which for a long time was the only periodical of the Ukrainian community.The 40-50’s of the twentieth century accounted for the most active publishing activity of Ukrainians in Romania. In addition to school textbooks and socio-political literature, works of poets and writers are published in their native language.At this time, new Ukrainian magazines are appearing in Romania, in particular, the «Novyi Vik» (New Century) from its «Literaturnyi Dodatok» (Literary Supplement), which has evolved into the literary and art journal «Nash Holos» (Our Voice). After the sudden death of Georgi Georgiou-Dej (1965), Nicolae Ceausescu came to power in Romania, whose policies proved to be absolutely detrimental to the national communities and the ethnic press in that country. The Ukrainian media in Romania was, at this time, under pressure from the communist totalitarian government and under the control of the Securitate special service. Some improvement in the situation with Ukrainian-language media in Romania began after the fall of the totalitarian regime of N. Ceausescu (1989). At this time, the Union of Romanian Ukrainians was formed in Romania (1990). It is now anethnic organization publishes 4 print media for Romanian Ukrainians: magazines «Ukrainskyi Visnyk» (Ukrainian Herald), «Vilne Slovo» (Free Word), children’s magazine «Dzvonyk» (Bell, in Ukrainian) and «Ukrainian Courier» (Romanian). The Ukrainian print media in Romania are weak, not regularly published, bu partially supported by the Romanian government. Perspectives for the preservation and functioning of Ukrainian publications in Romania can only be made if mutual efforts of the Governments of both countries – Romania and Ukraine – are reported.