Функціонально-семантичне навантаження порівнянь-фразеологізмів у граматичній структурі

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано основні функціональні типи порівнянь-фразеологізмів та засоби їх вираження у формально-граматичній структурі простого речення та досліджено функціонально-семантичне навантаження порівнянь-фразеологізмів як компонентів складних речень на матеріалі художніх творів українських письменників.

In the grammatical structure of the Ukrainian language, phraseological comparative constructions form a separate group in the system of phraseological units, being characterized not only by semantic fusion of components, but also by specific linguistic means of expressing comparative content. The topicality of the research is preconditioned by the necessity to analyze the varieties of phraseological comparisons in the formal- grammatical structure of a simple and complex sentence The aim of the paper is to describe the main functional types of phraseological comparative constructions and their means of expression in the formal-grammatical structure of a simple sentence as well as to analyze the functional-semantic loading of phraseological comparative constructions as the components of complex sentences. In the formal-grammatical structure of the simple sentence, phraseological comparative constructions most often act as the adverbs of different structural types, the principal parts of one-member sentences, the adverbial modifiers of circumstances, rarely - the adverbial modifiers of degree and manner, as well as syndeton attributes represented by comparisons. Being the components of compound sentences, phraseological comparative constructions, fill the subordinate clause with the comparative semantics and according to their syntactic functions correlate with different types of subordinate comparative sentences: the adverbial modifiers of circumstances, degree, cause, etc. The most expressive group in the terms of functional and semantic load are complex comparative constructions - proverbs, which structurally and syntactically correlate with different types of compound sentences, in which both the principal and the subordinate clauses form a single, indistinguishable, structural and semantic whole. Consequently, within the limits of a simple sentence, asyndeton and syndeton phraseological comparative constructions can be both principal and secondary members of the phrase, being the expressive means of modern Ukrainian literary language. While carrying out syntactic analysis of complex sentences of different types, one should always take into account not only the structure of the subordinate clause, but also the syntactic relationship between its individual structural components and the functional-semantic aspect of this part. If it turns out that the subordinate clause is not a member in a logical sense, that is, it is an unbreakable semantic unity, then the analysis of such a clause according to the members of the sentence is wrongful.