ВЛИЯНИЕ АНТРОПОГЕННЫХ ПОЛЛЮТАНТОВ НА ПОЧВЕННЫЙ МИКРОБИОЦЕНОЗ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЗАКАРПАТЬЯ

Abstract

Anthropogenic impact on ecosystems has a great impact on the microbiocenosis dynamics and the flow of the soil microbiological processes. A comparative impact analysis of the different types of pollutants under laboratory experiment conditions has been carried out, and as well in vivo on the technogenic burden area. The effect of exogenous pollutants (various concentrations of copper salts, nitrogen fertilizers) on the abundance of some ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms has been investigated in a laboratory experiment. Also the monitoring studies of railway transport effect on the soil microbiocenoses qualitative and quantitative composition, selected at the different distances from the railway track, have been performed. Research results indicate that under the anthropogenic pollutants exposure (heavy metals and nitrogen fertilizers) a change in the structure of soil microorganism complexes occurs, which manifests in a decrease of ammonificators, actinomycetes, oligonitrophilous compared to the control. The other trends of quantitative composition changing in soil microbiocenosis have been detected under the soil monitoring conditions of the pre-railway territories, which can be related to a complex railway transport negative impact. For example, soils of the territories those are adjacent to the railway track and are influenced by the maximum pollutants loads have the reduced amount of ammonificators and micromycetes, also at the same time, have the increased amount of actinomycetes and oligonitrophilous compared to the soil from the railway remote areas. The number of ammonificators decreases in both under laboratory experiment conditions and in the soil of the pre-railway ecosystems. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria association abundance - the most sensitive microorganisms to the pollutants effect – differed from the background by the quantity decrease under nitrogen fertilizers application conditions in the case of a laboratory experiment and in a pre-railway ecosystems soil as well. Nevertheless, the quantity composition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria had not changed under the effect of different copper salts concentrations.