Політичні детермінанти еволюції виборчої системи Швейцарської Конфедерації

Abstract

Статтю присвячено аналізу особливостей виборчої системи Швейцарської Конфедерації. Проаналізовано основну нормативно-правову базу із зазначеної теми, висвітлено історіографію питання розвитку швейцарського виборчого права і формування виборчої системи, обґрунтовано висновки щодо перспективи застосування досвіду організації виборчого процесу Швейцарської Конфедерації у процесі формування політичних та державних інститутів України.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of the electoral system of the Swiss Confederation.The basic legal base on the mentioned topic is analyzed, the historiography of the issue of the development of the Swiss electoral law and the formation of the electoral system is covered, the conclusions about the prospects of applying the experience of organizing the election process of the Swiss Confederation in the process of forming political and state institutions of Ukraine are substantiated.The geographical and political features of the development of the Swiss Confederation contributed to the formation of its modern electoral system.Switzerland, as the only "national" federation in Europe and one of the oldest parliamentary republics with a decentralized system of government, exemplifies the successful democratization of the electoral process and the formation of the electoral law system, which was demonstrated by the last parliamentary elections on October 20, 2019.The legal framework of the Swiss Confederation demonstrates a clear regulation of all stages of the electoral process at the level of law.The Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of April 18, 1999 enshrines the general rules and regulations governing the electoral process at the federal level, and the Federal Law "On Political Rights" of December 17, 1976 and the Decree of the Federal Council "On Political Rights" of May 24, 1978 and the cantonal constitutions regulate in detail the stages of the election process at the cantonal level.The federal and cantonal electoral law of the Swiss Confederation is an example of a democratic and fair electoral process.