Особливості дослідження теоретико-прикладного аспекту господарського потенціалу Карпатського регіону

Abstract

Виявлено особливості дослідження теоретико-прикладного аспекту господарського потенціалу Карпатського регіону. Виділено особливо значущі аспекти системного підходу в рамках регіональних досліджень. Встанов- лено, що єдиним методологічним засобом, який дозволяє врахувати специфіку подібного об'єкта, оцінити суттєві внутрішні та зовнішні зв'язки є системний підхід. Досліджено значення системного аналізу для регіона- льного господарського потенціалу та обумовлено необхідність обліку в дослідженнях специфічних особливос- тей сучасних теоретичних і практичних завдань. Прослідковано еволюцію виникнення поняття «потенціал». Розглянуто види потенціалу, які відповідають восьми класифікаційним ознакам: за рівнем абстрагування, зале- жно від рівня агрегованості оцінки, за галузевою приналежністю; за мірою реалізації, за напрямком діяльності, за елементним складом, за видом середовища, за функціональною сферою виникнення. Також автор дослідила основні проблеми формування господарського потенціалу регіонів.

In this article it has been revealed the peculiarities of the research of the theoretical and applied aspect of the economic potential of the Carpathian region. It has been outlined the especially significant aspects of the systematic approach in terms of regional studies, among which there is the fact that natural, economic and social processes not seldom run in the region slowly. The systematic approach, which offers an advantage of the possible abrupt ―acceleration‖ with time, appears to be practically the only method for solving predicted tasks. Moreover, the studied objects in the economy of the region have extremely complicated structure, which consists of a vast number of interrelated components. The only methodological way allowing us to take into consideration the specifics of such an object to estimate crucial internal and external connections is the systematic approach. It has been studied the importance of the systematic analysis for regional economic potential and stipulated for the necessity of accounting in the studies the specific peculiarities of modern theoretical and practical tasks, which consist in the indispensability of: the estimation of more and more sophisticated phenomena and processes, which define characteristics of regions development; the formalization of a big number of various types of information for solving scientific and practical tasks; the prediction of the dynamics of development of processes and phenomena concerning subjects of Ukraine; the formation of the informational system which adequately displays the specifics and tendencies of the regional development. It has been tracked the evolution of appearance the definition ―potential‖. It can be conditionally divided into four stages: at first the term ―potential‖ was used in exact sciences such as physics, mathematics, chemistry; the definition of potential founds its practical usage in studying different fields of industry; the usage of the term ―potential‖ shifted to studying economic potential; the concept of economic potential got the further development. It has been considered types of potential, which come up to eight classification attributes: by the level of abstraction - psycho-physiological, socio-cultural, economic, natural and human; by the level of aggregation of assessment - the world economy, the national economy, industry potential, regional and territorial potentials of associations of enterprises, enterprises and their structural divisions, and potential of industrial sites and working places; by sectoral affiliation - industrial (food), agricultural, transport and communicational, scientific, and building; by measure of implementation - real (realized), perspective; by course of activity - export and import; by the compound of elements - potential of working capital, potential of fixed assets, scientific and technical potential, potential of intangible assets, organizational and managerial potential, labor potential; by type of environment - internal and external; by functional area of origin - industrial, scientific, technical, marketing and infrastructural. It has been found out that substantial characteristics of the economic potential as a potential of a system object apart from entirety are: complexity caused by variety of potential elements and their interaction between each other, what means the number of ways of systematic presenting of the region potential has no limits; structure characterizing the internal order and certain hierarchy of potential elements; proportionality, which suggests potential elements to stay in the system in certain correlation and proportionality; openness, which means that potential subdue to the influence of environmental factors. The author has also researched the main problems of formation economic potential of the regions, among which there are: huge deficit of its own sources for forming the resources in the region, which is evoked, first of all, by low production effectiveness and radical drop of indexes in the real sector of economy because of economic crisis; deformation in the real sector between spheres of economic activity (mostly, specialization of the country on heavy industries) and in the inter-industrial price ratio; absence of expanded reproduction of the fixed capital,lacking share of its net accumulation; insufficient attractiveness of the country for foreign investors as a result of changing economic policy and absence of stable priorities in performing regional investment policy; allocation of budget financial resources and resources from foreign sources in every region regardless their uneven and disproportionate socio-economic development; insufficiently developed capital market; imperfect mechanism of long-term loans for enterprises in the region; and others. Keywords: economic potential; Carpathian region; systematic approach; management of economic potential.