Антропогенна діяльність на території НПП “Сколівські Бескиди” та її вплив на екологічний стан гідромережі

Abstract

Background monitoring of the ecological status of the water of the small mountain rivers Rozhanka, Butyvlia, Slavska, Oriava, Golovchanka, Tsygla and Kobylets, which are part of the hydroelectric network of the Skole Beskids National Park, was conducted. This protected site is located in the Lviv region and is a popular holiday destination in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Most modern recreational centers (camps and resorts, private manors, hotels, restaurants, etc.) of the region tend to be the natural surface water bodies. These include Gurkalo Falls, Kamianka River Falls, and more. And this, in turn, can lead to the excessive anthropogenic load on the small rivers of the region, and the deterioration of their ecological status. Due to the fact that the nutrition of these mountain rivers is mixed (rain, ground and melt water), with the predominance of rain and snow, the water regime depends mainly on the amount of precipitation. The water quality assessment of the mountain rivers Rozhanka, Butyvlia, Slavska, Oriava, Golovchanka, Tsygla and Kobylets was conducted during the autumn period of 2019. Water sampling was carried out in the two places: the river outflow and its flow into another river. The results of analytical studies of the hydrophysical parameters of the water of mountain rivers indicate their good quality in terms of transparency, color and odor. Note that the transparency ranges from 30 to 25 cm, the odor is less than 2, the color is 8-13 degrees. The results of studies of hydrochemical indicators show a certain threat to the ecological safety of the water quality of the studied mountain rivers Rozhanka, Butyvlia, Slavska, Oriava, Golovchanka, Tsygla and Kobylets. In the water samples of these rivers, the content of suspended solids increased slightly (by 1-8.4 mg/dm3, respectively), total iron (by 0.03-0.08 mg/dm3, respectively) and manganese (by 0.04 mg/dm3, respectively). Hydrochemical indexes of chemical oxygen demand and ammonium ions are at the limit, which is also a signal of deterioration of water quality of the studied rivers of the protected area. Note that these hydrochemical parameters (excluding general and manganese iron) do not exceed the normalized values in the water samples selected above the recreational areas where the recreational buildings (private manors, hotels, restaurants, camps and complexes, etc.) or the farmland, etc. are located at the beginning of the river formation. The excess of iron and manganese are associated with the geological structure of the terrain. The excess of chemical oxygen demand is attributed to excessive anthropogenic activity on the territory of the park (recreational tourism, forestry and agriculture, fisheries, hunting, etc.). Studies have shown that excessive anthropogenic activity on the territory of National Nature Park the Skole Beskids impairs the water quality of small mountain rivers, which are a source of water formation of the larger rivers of the Opir and Stryi. Keywords: monitoring of small rivers; protected areas; water quality; hydrochemical and hydrophysical parameters; anthropogenic activity; hydropower network; Lviv region.