Нове значення середнього класу в умовах трансформації економіки і міграції трудових ресурсів (соціолого-політологічний аналіз)

Abstract

У статті здійснено соціолого-політологічний аналіз поглядів учених на роль середнього класу в умовах індустріалізації і трансформації економіки. Обґрун товуються його вплив на забезпечення стабільності суспільства, необхідність нових підходів при подальшому розробленні теми. Через призму значення серед нього класу запропоновано оцінку ситуації на нинішньому ринку праці, його ролі як головного чинника підвищення якості людського капіталу, трансформа ції економіки, стабільності громадянського суспільства в Україні, Казахстані і країнах Європи.

In the 21st century, especially after the global crisis of 2007-2009, the emphasis is shifting to the problem of the need to form a new middle class, especially in the post-So viet space, and not only since this problem has become relevant in the last decade even in the EU. Therefore, the subject of research is the state of development of the middle class problem, its new value and role in the consolidation of society (on the example of Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other countries). The relevance and scientific novelty of the problem of the new middle class lies in the fact that this phenomenon to date, with some exceptions, in its new quality in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other post-Soviet countries as an object and subject is not researched enough, and therefore has no modern sufficient theoretical explanation both in terms of its role in individual countries and in the scale of the global world integration process. This is due to the fact that much of the post-Soviet researchers have come from a rather contradictory position that, in the context of globalization, the middle class of the Western sample will be formed with the peculiarities for each country, and the historical and socio-cultural characteristics will eventually be smoothed out. In fact, the post-So viet republics inherited a layer of intellectuals, a working class and a peasantry, but the social structure of society very quickly by historical standards acquired a certain state of uncertainty at first, and then did not withstand the test of new time and got a new social borders and national features for each republic. However, the importance of the phenomenon of the middle class did not diminish, but rather, more clearly defined and increased to the level of the guarantor of stability of every society. The article attempts to prove that any society is able to maintain stability and even to ensure its development for a certain period of time: in one case by the efforts of rigid authoritarianism, as in Iraq and Libya in the times of Gaddafi and Hussein, in the other – by manipulations of the public consciousness, and in the third, more or less, depending on the specifics of the government and the stability of political power. But this is a temporary phenomenon, and any government, sooner or later, failing to ensure the formation and development of its national middle class, is unable to create the conditions for stability and development of the society for the long term and without inter-ethnic, social, inter-religious and other cataclysms ensure continuity and con flict-free transfer of political power. Subversion of concepts, inventing various social substitutes for the role of the middle class, based on social, cultural, national, religious, and even party formations, are only able to stretch the problem in time, to drive it deep, but not to ensure strong socio-economic stability and continuity in their society for a long time. Keywords: middle class, labor market, migration, civil society.