Соціальний феномен міграції в контексті транснаціональної концепції та проблеми асиміляції мігрантів

Abstract

У статті представлено систематизацію наукових підходів стосовно розвитку транснаціональної концепції, розкрито соціальний феномен міграції в цьому контексті та визначено проблеми асиміляції мігрантів в ЄС та Україні. Доведено, що транснаціональний підхід у дослідженнях міграції може розглядатися як дослідницька перспектива для вивчення феномену перетину кордонів. Встановлено, що Україна, як і ЄС, на загальному наднаціональному рівні використовує типи транснаціональних соціальних просторів, передбачених у дослідженні Т. Файста.

The approaches and theoretical principles of this concept and the preconditions for the emergence of transnationalism have been studied using the method of a systematic approach, which allowed a comprehensive study of scientific views and identify key positions of the authors on the issues under study. The problem of the social phenomenon of migration and the problem of assimilation of migrants in Ukraine and some EU countries (Slovakia, Poland, Germany, Hungary) were studied using a comparative method, a statistical method. Results. It is determined that the issues of the transnational concept of migration were studied by: N. Glick Schiller, L. Bash, H. Z. Blank (the initial stage of the study of transnationalism, the phenomenon of transmigrants); T. Feist, P. Kivisto, E. Moravska, D. Messi, S. Castle and M. Miller, etc. (further in-depth development of the transnational approach). It is established that the transnational approach in migration research can be considered as a research perspective for studying the phenomenon of border crossing. It is proved that the benchmark for this approach allows us to assess the important migration processes occurring outside national borders. It is determined that the EU member states and Ukraine have certain peculiarities in the formation of migration management models. It is concluded that Ukraine, as well as the EU at the general supranational level uses the types of transnational social spaces provided in the study of T. Feist. It is established that the development of migration in Ukraine is characterized by an increase in the outflow of emigrants, the positive assimilation of immigrants, the problems of legal regulation of some categories of migrants. The Visegrad Four countries only formally demonstrate support for EU migration guidelines in support of refugees, and do not meet their quota commitments for their own national interests. It is stated that quite favorable conditions for the adaptation of immigrants who have received a residence permit are presented in Poland, Germany is a leader among EU countries in the use of adaptation measures for refugees.