Роль міст Закарпаття в розвитку торгівлі у першій половині ХІХ ст.

Abstract

The article analyses the role of the Transcarpathian towns in the development of the trade in the first of the XIX century. The author looks at the socio-economic fackground of the development of the trade, underlining importance of the trade in territorial and branchial specialization. He analyses the different forms of the temporary (fairs, auction, markets) and constantly (shops, pubs, etc.), home (internal), foreign and transit trade. Basing themselves an a vast factual material, the author analyses the assortment of the goods and highlights an important positions of the merchants and tradesmen. The conclusion is that in the Transcarpathian cities and towns the commercial groups had become the dominating figures. In the trades there was a large number of apprentices; and the development of manufacture had created a considerable number of unorganized labourers. Despote the decline of the artisan guilds, the master-craftsman still played an important role in economic life.