Вплив ЗМІ на формування зовнішньополітичних орієнтирів держави: досвід країн Вишеграду

Abstract

Статтю присвячено аналізу основних принципів діяльності ЗМІ, організації взаємодії між органами державної влади і громадськістю, які в сучасних умовах відіграють визначальну роль у цьому процесі, на прикладі інформаційних кам паній щодо європейської та євроатлантичної інтеграції в Україні, вагомості впливу засобів масової інформації на формування та визначення зовнішньополі тичних орієнтирів нашої держави. Наголошено, що сприйняття ЄС та НАТО українськими громадянами залежить не тільки від успішного розвитку двосто ронніх відносин, а й від об’єктивного висвітлення українськими мас-медіа. Ключові слова: європейська та євроатлантична інтеграція, мас-медіа, кра їни Вишеграду, засоби масової інформації, українське суспільство

The influence of the mass media on shaping public opinion is especially important for those countries in which fundamental transformations are taking place in the con text of integration processes. It is in such countries that public opinion has not yet been shaped, and the media can become a decisive factor in further intensifying or leveling these processes. Therefore, the problem of the media’s impact on shaping public opin ion can be successfully analyzed on the example of the Visehrad Four countries, which have recently been at the center of integration processes, as a result of which they have become members of the European Union and NATO. This issue is especially relevant for Ukraine, as the country’s foreign policy is determined in pursuit of European and Euro-Atlantic integration, and in neighboring countries, in light of current events, it is increasingly thought that without independent Ukraine, there will be no independent European Community. The pragmatic analysis shows that the most relevant is the function of social control over mass behavior, so mass communication is aimed at shaping public opinion, individual consciousness, creating various social stereotypes that contribute to the manipulation and management of public consciousness. The main link in mass communication is the mass media, which in fact assume the role of mediator of socially significant events. That is why they primarily become the object of attention of politicians in almost all countries. The mass media take a direct part in the formation of public opinion by disseminating certain information and publishing certain facts, which become an event precisely due to the activities of the media. Given the influence of the media on all spheres of society, due to which they have become an integral part of modern communication, the media can directly produce public opinion, to reproduce certain information meanings and codes. It is important to realize that the media do not talk about the world around them, but construct it; namely, they modulate the subjective, inadequate perception of reality, change the behavior of society and attitudes to certain events and phenomena. Given that the Visehrad Four countries became part of the European community in May 2004, it may seem that the debate on accession began at least a decade earlier, especially since political decisions on European integration processes were made in the early 1990s. Indeed, the first steps aimed at providing the public with access to information on European integration were taken during this period. Keywords: European and Euro-Atlantic integration, mass media, Visehrad countries, mass media, Ukrainian society