Стресостійкість особистості як фактор впливу на опанувальну поведінку студентської молоді

Abstract

У статті розглянуті такі поняття, як: «стрес», «адаптація», «копінг» у працях закордонних, вітчизняних вчених та провідних психологічних теоріях. Проаналізовано різні концепції опанувальної поведінки. Констатовано, що опанувальна поведінка реалізується за допомогою обраних стратегій опанування на основі особистісних копінг-ресурсів. Копінг-стратегії розглядаються і як засіб управління стресом, і як актуальні відповіді особистості на загрозу. Описано структурні елементи копінг-поведінки, як складного динамічного процесу.

Introduction. At the present stage of development of society, the scientific community faces the task offinding ways to overcome personal crises, difficult life situations, traumatic events, which is why the problem of coping behavior is relevant for psychological research.A person's behavior in a stressful situation is a specific process that can be difficult to predict. It is important to study behavioral coping, as well as the cognitive and emotional components of coping that mediate behavioral response, in order to be able to develop a system of psycho-corrective measures to help and support an individual in a stressful situation.The current stage of development of psychology is marked by the existence of various concepts of coping behavior. This was the result of studying stress and overcoming it as psychological phenomena. At the beginning of the XXI century, about 400 ways to overcome it were described [21], and their number continues to increase.Purpose. Trace how behavioral correlates influence behavior of a person; how the choice of styles and strategies of mastering behavior is made; whether there are and what exactly are the individual psychological and personal predictors of mastery.Methods. Theoretical analysis of the scientific literature on the problem of research was used during the research of the problem of mastering behavior, in particular, how behavioral correlates influence the behavior of the individual.Originality. Theoretical ideas about the specific features of the development of mastering behavior in the living space of young people were further developed.Theoretical positions and psychological conclusions formulated on their basis can be used in the process of professional training and professional activity of psychologists, teachers, social workers, primarily in order to develop recommendations for enhancing constructive life skills in populations of different ages.Conclusion. The theoretical analysis of the problem of mastering behavior and the results of theoretical research allowed to formulate the following conclusions.The problem of mastering behavior is a little studied phenomenon, but extremely important, because the ability to master new, difficult life situations indicates a high level of personal development, and requires a person's high willpower, high level of self-control, reflection, flexibility of thinking and other personal qualities. Many researchers have worked on this problem in both domestic and foreign literature, andconsidered it in different approaches, namely: the subject-activity approach (Rubinstein S.L., Abulkhanova K.O., Brushlinsky A.V., Znakiv V.V., Sergienko O.O.), cognitive transactional approach to mastering stressful behavior (Lazarus R., Folkman S.); domestic approach to stress (difficult life situations) and mastering them (Antsiferova L.I., Bodrov V.O., Kitaev-Smyk L.O., Granovskaya R.M., Nikolskaya M.I.), a differential approach to the study of protective and mastering behavior (Libina E.V., Libin O.V.), etc.Understanding the nature of coping comes, on the one hand, from research made on animal and, on the other hand, from the psychoanalytic tradition with its defense mechanisms. A fundamentally new approach to coping behavior was offered by S. Folkman and R. Lazarus. To date, the question remains open – how variable is coping in a particular person, depending on the assessment - a stressful situation, objective characteristics, the situation and personal characteristics of the person.