Застосування диференційованого підходу залежно від соматотипу і гармонійності індивідуальної статури як засіб оптимізації процесу фізичного виховання студентської молоді

Abstract

The urgency of the problem presented in the article is the need to modernize the traditional process of physical education of students, the introduction of new approaches and technologies. Such modernization is necessary due to alarming trends regarding the physical development of today's youth. In particular, its significant proportion is characterized by hypertrophied development of individual parts of the body, which indicates detraining or disruption of the normal functioning of the body's basic systems. Thus, the article is devoted to a substantiation of necessity of introduction differentiated and individual approaches in pedagogical process on physical education of students of higher educational institutions. The purpose of the study is to develop scientifically sound recommendations on the theoretical and methodological basis for the application of differentiated and individual approaches to physical education of students, taking into account the peculiarities of their somatotype and the degree of harmony of individual physique. Research methods: method of collecting and processing information; comparative analysis; classification and typology; monitoring the process of physical education in higher educational institutions; pedagogical modeling. Results. The importance of choosing the criteria of somatotype and harmony of individual physique for the application of differentiated and individual approaches in physical education of students is due to the close relationship between physique and physical development. It should be taken into account that in the young organism the connections between the proportionality of the physique and the harmony of physical development are especially pronounced. Therefore, the application of differentiated approach depending on somatotype and harmony of individual physique should be considered as an effective means of general optimization of the process of physical education of students. This will allow to reorient pedagogical influence of employment on physical training on satisfaction of subjective requirements of students in impellent activity, proceeding from their specific features. In view of this, the author of the article raise questions about qualitative changes in the content of the assessment of physical preparedness of students. This is a question of increase of specific weight of results of anthropometric monitoring of harmony of individual physical development in an estimation of physical preparedness, in comparison with the usual formalized indicators of the development of physical qualities. It should be born in mind that traditional dynamic assessment criteria do not take into account the individual physiological characteristics of definite student. The object of anthropometric monitoring are various parameters, such as body length and weight, chest circumference, physique, condition of the musculoskeletal system, the shape of the chest, upper and lower extremities and more. Depending on these indicators, taking into account the level of physical preparedness, each student should be offered individua corrective exercises aimed at achieving overall harmony and balance of development of individual muscle groups and body parts. In addition, students are divided into groups depending on the somatotype, and different typologies can be used. Accordingly, for groups of students with different somatotypes should develop volumes and intensity of physical activity, sets of adaptive, basic and special exercises. The correction of traditional programs and methods of physical education within the framework of application of differentiated approach should be directed both to the regulation of physical activity, and to the development of training complexes for every group. Conclusions. The article proves the importance of choosing as criteria for using differentiated and individual approaches to physical education of students of their somatotype and harmony of individual physique, closely related to physical development. Such approaches are based on increasing the proportion of the results of anthropometric monitoring of harmony of individual physical development in an estimation of physical preparedness. For groups of students with different physique, it is recommended to develop volumes and intensity of physical activity, as well as complexes of adaptive, basic and special exercises.