Технологія синтезу та властивості термітних мідних сплавів

Abstract

В роботі розглядаються можливості синтезу матеріалів “нетрадиційними” технологіями, які засновані на металотермічних процесах. Особлива увага звернута на термітні суміші для отримання мідних сплавів – бронз і їх практичного використання в промисловості. В роботі досліджені особливості синтезу, структура і механічні властивості термітних латуней і бронз.

The article under consideration deals with the possibilities of creating materials at the expense of "non-traditionally" technology, which basic, metallotermy synthesis. A special attention is being paid to termite mixtures in order to get copper alloys – bronzes and their practical application in production. In this papers investigated of the specific of synthesis, microstructure and mechanical properties of termite brass and bronzes. The essence of this technology is rather simple: powder–like ingredients of slag are being charged into a metallothermic reactor and are being using a special kind of ignition. When combustion is over an ingot is being formed on the lover part of the reactor. Slag is collected in the higher part (because of the considerable different in density). The scheme of this process has suggested a new technology under which we were able to overlag an instrumental plate directly on the base of metal – chamber from of the metallothermic reactor with a plate – gasket made of aluminium. The calculated composition of metallothermic charge for copper alloys took into consideration activity coefficients of separate components of the reaction. On the basis of this we have stated adiabatic burning temperature of the mixture and have corrected chemical composition of the charge. In order to get metallothermic samples microstructure, grain member and mechanical properties (hardness, strength) and porosity have been investigated. The technology of exothermic additions will high temperature gradient for bronze melting was successfully used in experimental–industrial conditions at the Bar machine–building plant. While using this type of mixture in the result of its high-temperature burning heating up of neighboring to exothermic charge bronze formations takes place. In general it should be noted that, in spite of the increased price of mixture components, the above–described technology has considerable advantages: the absence of complex and expensive equipment (melting furnaces, powerful sources and generators of electricity), full autonomy, high productivity and speed of response (it takes only some minute to get alloy at mixture combustion). These advantages make it possible to widely use this technology in the conditions of no specialized production