Вплив війни на розвиток транспортного перевезення в Україні

Abstract

У статті аналізуються сучасні проблеми і перспективи розвитку міжнародного транспортного перевезення України у період активної фази війни. Події з 24 лютого 2022 року змінили не тільки соціальну сферу життя населення, а й суттєво вплинули на міжнародні економічні зв’язки, що особливо відчутно в сфері міжнародної логістики. Варто відзначити важливе місце України у системі світового господарства. Ключові міжнародні організації в перспективі очікують негативні наслідки в країнах Європи та країнах Африки, через проблеми з поставками зернових, соняшнико- вої олії та інших культур, що є основою харчування людей. Тому в статті ми проаналізували сучасний стан вантажних перевезень в Україні, основні зміни, проблеми та найближчі перспективи розвитку даної галузі.

The modern problems and prospects for the development of international transportation in our country during the period of active war are analyzed in the article. The events of February 24, 2022 changed not only the social sphere of the population’s life, but also significantly affected international economic relations, which is especially felt in the field of international logistics. An analysis of the concept of “international transportation” as the transportation of goods or passengers between several countries, characterized by the forced crossing of the borders of at least two neighboring countries, was made. It is worth noting the important place of Ukraine in the system of the world economy. Key international organizations expect negative consequences in Europe and Africa in the future due to problems with the supply of grain, sunflower oil and other crops that are the basis of human nutrition. Important attention in the article is given to problematic logistical issues – in particular, rail, sea and cargo transportation. The closure of the sea coast led to a temporary collapse and delay in freight transport and the authorities took important steps to resolve the collapse in favor of using and simplifying the land transport system. This, in particular, concerns the simplification of the system of obtaining transport licenses. Therefore, in the article we analyzed the current state of freight transportation in Ukraine, the main changes, problems and the nearest prospects for the development of this industry. The article contains important remarks and the current state of the logistics industry in a country where there is a war. Information was provided on the current state of negotiations between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland, regarding the expansion of the ability to cross the border by freight transport and the simplification of obtaining permits for logistics services. The prospects for the development of such negotiation processes with other countries of Eastern Europe have been assessed. Ukraine is an important supplier of many grain crops, on which the countries of Africa, Europe and other continents depend. Therefore, the G7 states provide comprehensive support to the logistics transportation of Ukraine in order to preserve peace and provide food to some countries.