Формування толерантності студентів у полікультурному середовищі закладу вищої освіти

Abstract

У статті розглядаються питання формування толерантності студентів, зокрема, міжкультурної, яка набуває особливого значення в сучасних умовах. Наголошується на наявності значних можливостей полікультурного середовища закладу вищої освіти в цьому плані. Розкрито сутність понять «толерантність», «міжкультурна толерантність», «полікультурне середовище навчального закладу», проаналізовано основні функції толерантності, обґрунтовано завдання формування толерантності у виші.

The processes of globalisation and democratisation at the end of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st centuries put on agenda the task of development in the younger generation of fundamentally new qualities associated with: tolerant attitude to differences − to everything that goes beyond the usual perception of certain ethnic groups. Nowadays this problem is extremely important for all countries of the world, including the multinational Ukraine. The problem of intercultural tolerance is investigated by many Ukrainian scientists, but some aspects of the problem should be still discussed. First of all we mean the possibilities of multicultural environment of higher school in the development of intercultural tolerance. So, the aim of this study is to define the meaning of terms «tolerance», «intercultural tolerance», «multicultural environment» and to reveal the peculiarities of formation of intercultural tolerance of future specialists in multicultural environment of higher school. The following research methods have been used: theoretical methods (analysis of scientific sources for the systematisation and generalisation of available data, defining of the essence of basic concepts, identification of the current state of the problem under consideration and possibilities for its solution); empirical methods (observation (direct and indirect) of the students’ behaviour during their study, of their participation in extra-curricular activities, of their communication with representatives of different nationalities). The results of research: It was revealed that the term «tolerance» is defined as respect, acceptance and proper understanding of rich diversity of our world’s cultures, our forms of self-expression and the ways of manifestation of human individuality. It is promoted by knowledge, openness in communication, freedom of thought, conscience and beliefs. Tolerance is a harmony in diversity. This is not only a moral obligation, but also a political and legal need. Tolerance is a virtue that makes possible the attainment of peace and promotes the replacement of the culture of war with the culture of peace. With regard to «intercultural tolerance», this term is often used in scientific literature alongside with the term «interethnic tolerance». Thus we understand the intercultural tolerance as a complex of abilities of an individual allowing him / her to demonstrate tolerance, respect and benevolent attitude towards representatives of other ethnic-cultural communities and phenomena of other ethnic cultures. This complex is expressed in understanding of significance of others, in perceiving them as equal subjects of interaction, in recognising their right to dissimilarity and originality. It was proved that multicultural environment of higher schools is very important in the development of intercultural tolerance of future specialists. Practical and theoretical value of the study: the necessity and possibilities of the formation of intercultural tolerance in the multicultural environment has been shown. Questions for the further investigation: the ways of creation of the multicultural environment in the system of higher and secondary education and its influence on the development of intercultural tolerance